adult 505–7, 511 early school leavers 508, 527, 538 equality of opportunity 500, 507–10 PLCs 507 pre-school 499–500 primary 500–1 provision of 490, 499–507 purpose of 496–8 second chance 505–7, 511 second-level 502–4 special needs 504 student grants 511


Egg Quality Assurance Scheme (EQAS) 116 eggs 110–16


aeration of 115 coagulation of 115 emulsification of 115 foam formation 13 freshness, testing 113 labelling regulations 113 structure of 110–11


electrical terms


amperage (A) 459 kilowatt per hour (kWh) 459 voltage (v) 459 wattage (w) 459


electricity 448, 455, 457–62 circuits 458


domestic charges 460 earth wire 461 household supply 457–8 miniature circuit breaker (MCB) 461 residual circuit device (RCD) 461 safety devices 460–1 safety guidelines 462 wiring a plug 462


Electronic Commerce Act (2000) 340 emigration 529 emissions 453–4 empathy 521 employment


creation of 542–3 and family responsibilities 522–5 patterns 262


pay/working conditions 493 see also unemployment; work


Employment Equality Acts (1998–2015) 519 emulsions/emulsifiers 30–1, 115, 207 Enable Ireland 383 energy 448–56


consumption reduction 346–7 improvement strategies 454–6 inefficiencies in the home 454–6 labelling 307 renewable/non-renewable 345, 448–52


energy (in the body) 51–3 average daily requirements 53 balance 53 BMR 52 measuring 51 requirements 52 role in the body 51 sources 51


ENFO 350 engineers 409 Enterprise Ireland 85, 542 environment 344–50 and consumers 333 and emissions 453–4 energy consumption 346–7 and food packaging 197 global warming 346 landfill levy 197 non-renewable resources 345 plastic bag levy 197 pollution 347–8 recycling 349–50 renewable resources 345 waste management 348–9 WEEE directive 350


enzymes 12, 102, 222–3, 322 ergonomics 410, 420


European Communities (Hygiene of Foodstuffs) Regulations (2006–2010) 252 European Consumer Centre (ECC) Ireland 341


548 Complete Home Economics


extractor fans 478 eyes, and vitamin A 35


F fabrics


flame-retardant finishes 326 types of 324–5, 442


Family Home Protection Act (1976) (amended 1995) 384


Family Income Supplement (FIS) 274 family law 284–7 Family Law (Divorce) Act (1996) 370 Family Law (Maintenance of Spouses and Children) Act (1976) 384


Family Mediation Service 369 family resource management 257–67 communication 261 decision-making process 261 factors affecting 262–4 family as managerial unit 258 purpose of 257 types of 258


family/families


blended families 356, 367 case study 265–7 changes in family life 488 communication within 379 and communications technology 495 composition of 263 definition 354 dual roles 262 dual-earner 522 economic changes 359–60 economic factors 376 and education 490 employment patterns 262 extended families 355 functions 361–2 gender roles 264, 492 generation conflict 380 historical development of 357–8 housing requirements 395 life cycle stages 263 low-income 544 nuclear families 355 one-parent families 275, 356, 367, 375, 538 responsibilities 372–4 roles 264, 358, 359, 372–4 rural/urban areas 488 social changes 359, 487–95 social factors 375 social welfare 490–1, 544 socio-economic status 262 special needs 381–2 standard of living 358 structures 355–7 technological changes 360–1 unemployment, effects of 529 universality of 354 values and standards 263


fats 149–52


animal fats 27, 149 classification of 149 composition/value of 149–50 cooking 152 culinary uses of 152 dairy spreads 152 dietetic value of 150 margarine 151 storing 152 vegetable fats 27 see also butter; lipids


fatty acids 25 cis 29


classification of 26–7 distribution in food 27 essential 28 monounsaturated 26 omega-3 28, 192 polyunsaturated 27 saturated 26 trans 29


fermentation 177–8, 240 Fire Safety (Domestic Furniture) Order (1988, 1995) 327


fish 99–104 buying 102 classification of 99 cooking 103 dietetic value of 101 nutritional composition of 100 nutritional value of 100, 101 preparing 103 processing 103–4 products 104 spoilage 102 storing 102 structure of 100


Floor Area Compliance Certificate (FACC) 412 floor coverings 425 carpets 429–30 ceramic tiles 427 linoleum 428 marble 427 sheet flooring 428 vinyl 428 wooden 428


floor insulation 474 floors/flooring


classification of 426 hard 427 semi-hard 428 soft 429–30 solid 424 suspended 424


flour 136–7 Focus Ireland 546


foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) 62 folate/folic acid 41, 192 follicular hyperkeratosis 35 food


aesthetic awareness of 180–3 chemical changes during cooking 160 choices 2–4


cooking appliances 168 energy content of 51 health claims 201 nutrition claims 201


physical changes during cooking 159 preparation 158–9, 168, 245 reasons for cooking 159 reheating 246 storage 246


food additives 202–8 advantages of 208 antioxidants 204 classification of 202–7 colourings 202–3 disadvantages of 208 flavour enhancers 206 flavourings 206


legal controls on use of 208 nutritive additives 205 physical conditioning agents 207 preservatives 205 sweeteners 203–4


food agencies, Irish 85 food composition tables 56–7 food contamination 246–50 classification of contaminants 246–7 HACCP system 248–50


Food Hygiene Regulations (1950–1989) 251 food industry 82–9, 184 agri-food industry 82 career opportunities 87 exports 83


home enterprises 86 imports 84 key sectors 83 Nobó case study 88–9 sensory analysis testing 184 small businesses 86 specialty foods 86


Food Information to Consumers (FIC) Regulation (2011) 251


food labelling 113, 198–201 guidelines 198 packaged food 200 nutritional labelling 56, 198–200 pre-packaged food 198–200


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