Tere has been a long history of warfare, most


notably with neighbouring Azerbaijan over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh. As a result of this conflict, most of Armenia’s Azerbaijani population fled the country, whilst a fifth of the population emigrated during the financial crisis of the 1990s. It is said that at least five million Armenians now live abroad, mostly in the former Soviet Union or in the US. Tere is also a below-average birth rate and an above-average death rate. During Soviet rule, politics were directed by


the Communist Party of Armenia, whilst the Ar- menian National Movement governed from in- dependence until 1998. Major parties that followed included the conservative Republican Party of Armenia, which governed from 1999 to 2018. President Vahagn Khachaturyan was elected


as President in 2022 when Armen Sargsyan re- signed, whilst Nikol Pashinyan was elected 16th Prime Minister of Armenia in 2018 after he led the Armenian Revolution protests to remove Serzh Sargsyan as Prime Minister after he attempted


to lead the country beyond a permissible two- term presidential limit. Te government has since worked to address


long-standing problems such as systemic cor- ruption, a flawed electoral system, and a weak rule of law. Pashinyan led the country through a second


war over Nagorno-Karabakh, for which he was heavily criticised with calls for his resignation, but his Civil Contract party went on to win the 2021 snap elections.


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