29 Environmental Analysis & Electrochemistry
Figure 3. A wastewater sample with a huge matrix overload. As you can see, even with this nasty chromatogram, PCB 23 and 24 are clearly separated from a number of matrix interferences and column bleed. This separation, along with the fast acquisition speed and quality of mass spectra from TOFMS, allows for the confi dent identifi cation of species and library matching as shown in the inset.
There are plenty of other tools available to work in conjunction with TOFMS. Multi-mode ion sources allow ion mode switching without needing to make manual adjustments to your instruments, with Electron Ionisation (EI), Positive Chemical Ionisation (PCI), and Negative Chemical Ionisation (ECNI) modes enabling you to obtain a full chemical profi le much more conveniently than ever before. This is especially useful for non-target screening and environmental analysis with compounds such as Endosulfan, which reacts very differently whether it’s being analysed with EI or ECNI modes.
Figure 4. These chromatograms show an example of the EPA 8270 standard analysed using the different ion modes and the different profi le of responses. The inset shows how Endosulfan’s chromatograms are different based on the type of ion mode used.
The technology isn’t limited to just the hardware. TOFMS software has developed immensely since those early 1950s days, with automated tools allowing for confi dent deconvolution, library matching, and data set comparison. Data can be outputted to a variety of plots and charts and heat maps to enable you to zero in on the areas of your data that are the most interesting without spending signifi cant time just trying to fi nd those areas in the fi rst place.
When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail. Make sure you have more tools at hand for the most effi cient and thorough environmental water analysis, so you aren’t just brute-forcing your samples to give you results.
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www.labmate-online.com/article Organic Pollutant Analysis in Environmental Samples
Determination of organic pollutants in environmental matrices is a common task for thousands of environmental laboratories worldwide. Conventional sample preparation methods, making use of large solvent volumes and involving intensive sample manipulation, can increase the overall laboratory costs.
Speed up your process whilst reducing reagents consumption using microwave enhanced extraction with a Milestone EthosX from Analytix. Contact the experts to explore the advantages of reducing processing time and analysis costs for the determination of organic pollutants, like PAHs, PCBs, Pesticides, Phenols, Phthalates, EOM, Dioxins. TPH’s, and Furans.
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ilmt.co/PL/jALV 57441pr@reply-direct.com
On-line TOC Analyser for Pure Water Applications
Shimadzu’s, TOC-1000e ((UTM)), is the first analyser in the eTOC series of on-line TOC analysers designed for pure water applications. The eTOC series’ main focus is on miniaturisation, high sensitivity and a mercury-free oxidation technique. The pioneering TOC-1000e system has the world’s smallest and lightest cabinet and provides high-sensitivity detection, making it ideal for fields requiring high-purity water applications. This covers manufacturing, including pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, food & beverages, chemistry and precision equipment.
Total organic carbon (TOC) analysers are used to rapidly quantify organic substances in water, allowing decisive process intervention. Among many fields of application, they are used mainly for water quality control and environmental investigations. Shimadzu’s world- leading TOC analysers are well-suited to laboratory and on-line analysis of environmental and wastewater. The eTOC series will be Shimadzu’s first on-line TOC analyser designed especially for pure water measurements.
The TOC-1000e provides enhanced robustness in the ultra-low measurement range. With its small footprint of less than A4 size, it can be installed flexibly – either as table-top, wall-mounted or pole-mounted.
Conventional TOC analysers for pure water utilise mercury UV lamps as the light source within the instrument. To provide a more environmental-friendly alternative, the eTOC series is the first analyser in the world to use an excimer (short for ‘excited dimer’) lamp rather than a mercury lamp.
The ‘Active-Path’ flow line design maximises lamp power by integrating the sample flow channel and the light source. This minimises sample residue in the flow channel and eliminates interfering air layers, so high sensitivity is maintained over long-term use. This new design also contributes to making the eTOC series instruments small and light.
The TOC-1000e combines high-sensitivity and easy-to-use features benefiting effortless data management, efficiency and handling: state-of-the-art oxidation technology in the smallest casing; easy-to-use and to maintain design improves efficiency; support for Regulatory Compliance.
More information online:
ilmt.co/PL/1zdr 57596pr@reply-direct.com
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