Chromatography 7
During the acetonitrile shortage, it was difficult to work in the HPLC lab as acetonitrile was not readily accessible. The development of the ternary Cube was important in this situation, and demonstrated that in most cases an alternative method utilising methanol could be implemented instead of acetonitrile [18]. We can contribute to a green chemistry by reducing waste through computer modelling and reduce our environmental impact by reducing the volume of mobile phase waste.
As we can see, there is not much difference between both methods, but the method in Figure 6 using MeOH as eluent B is more environmentally safe and is less expensive as the method in Figure 9 using AN as eluent B.
References
1. J.L. Glajch and L.R. Snyder, eds, “Computer-Assisted Development for High Performance Liquid Chromatography”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990 (J. Chromatogr., 485, 1989). 2. L.R. Snyder, J.J. Kirkland and J.L. Glajch, “Practical HPLC Method Development”, 1997, John Wiley & Sons, Inc 3.
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6. I. Molnár, K. Monks, From Csaba Horváth to Quality by Design: Visualizing Design Space in Selectivity Exploration of HPLC Separations, Chromatographia, 73 (2011) (Suppl.1) S5–S14. 7. S.V. Galushko, GIT Spezial Chromatographie, 2 (1996), 88–93. 8. S.V. Galushko, A.A. Kamenchuk and G.L. Pit, American Laboratory, 27 (1995) 421–432 9. A. Drouen et al., LC•GC, 9 (1991) 714. 10. S. Goga-Rémont, S. Heinisch, E. Lesellier, J. L. Rocca, A. Tschapla, Chromatographia, 51, (2000) 536
11. A. Bogomolov and M. McBrien , Mutual peak matching in a series of HPLC-DAD mixture analyses, Anal. Chim. Acta, 490 (2203)41–58 12. Cs. Horváth, W. Melander, I. Molnár, Solvophobic Interactions in Liquid
Chromatography with Nonpolar Stationary Phases J. Chromatogr., 125 (1976) 129- 156.
13. I. Molnár, Computerized design of separation strategies by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: development of DryLab software, J. Chromatogr. A, 965 (2002) 175-194.
14. I. Molnár, H.-J. Rieger, K.E. Monks, Aspects of the „Design Space” in high pressure liquid chromatography method development, J. Chromatogr. A, 1217 (2010) 3193–3200.
15. L. R. Snyder, J. W. Dolan, P.W. Carr, The hydrophobic-subtraction model of reversed-phase column selectivity.
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16. Melvin R. Euerby, Matthew James, Patrik Petersson, Practical implications of the “Tanaka” stationary phase characterization methodology using ultra high performance liquid chromatographic conditions,
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17. M. R. Euerby, F. Scannapieco, H.-J. Rieger, I. Molnár, Retention Modeling in Ternary Solvent Gradient Elution Reversed Phase Chromatography using 30 mm Columns,
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18. J.W. Dolan, L.R. Snyder, T. Blanc,
L.Van Heukelem, Selectivity Differences for C18 Reversed-Phase Columns as a Function of Temperature and Gradient Steepness. I. Optimizing Selectivity and Resolution,
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19. M. Euerby, G. Schad, H.-J. Rieger, I. Molnár, 3-Dimensional Retention Modelling of Gradient Time, Ternary Solvent- Strength and Temperature of the Reversed-phase Gradient Liquid Chromatography of a Complex Mixture of 22 Basic and Neutral
Analytes using DryLab® 2010, Chromatography Today, Vol. 3, Dec. 2010, p.13.
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22. Rapid high performance liquid chromatography method development with high prediction accuracy, using 5 cm long narrow bore columns packed with sub-2_m particles and Design Space computer modeling Sz. Fekete, J. Fekete, I. Molnár, K. Ganzler, J. Chromatogr. A, 1216 7816-7823 (2009).
23. I. Molnár, K.E. Monks, H.-J. Rieger, B.-T. Erxleben, LCGC-Magazine, Experimental Combination of Method Development Strategies in a Working Environment of Different Instrumental Set-ups, 7, 5 (2011), 2–8.
24. A. Schmidt, I. Molnár, Using an innovative Quality-by-Design approach for development of a stability indicating UPLC method for ebastine in the API and pharmaceutical formulations, J.
Pharm.Biomed.Anal., accepted for publication. Conclusion
Methods with short analysis times can aid production of drugs faster and more economically than before, typically using UHPLC instrumentation. The use of modelling software allows the development of methods concordant with QbD criteria, increasing flexibility in routine operations.
Retention and critical resolution problems can be more transparent than in the past. Method transfer is much easier using DryLab. Finally HPLC modelling is truly green as it saves time, energy and reduces waste.
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