818
Journal of Paleontology 92(5):804–837
the conclusion thatC. veatchi is synonymous withC. aemulator is reasonable given the information available. Landau et al. (2016) reported C. aemulator (as Dauciconus
aemulator; see below) from the lower–middle Miocene Cantaure Formation of Venezuela. Even though these Venezuelan specimens of C. aemulator do not reveal preserved coloration pattern under UV light (Landau et al., 2016, p. 204), they appear otherwise consistent in form with C. aemulator as circumscribed here. Tucker and Tenorio (2009, p. 88) assigned C. aemulator to
the Dauciconus clade, a conclusion followed by Landau et al. (2016).While C. aemulator has a general shell shape consistent with some, but certainly not all, species in this subgenus, its coloration pattern does not allow obvious comparison with extant species of Dauciconus. Pending detailed diagnosis of the shell characteristics of extant Dauciconus, C. aemulator is not assigned to a subgenus of Conus. Finally, UF 259771, which is a calcitic cast questionably
assigned to C. aemulator, is highlighted here for its potential importance for understanding the taphonomic process of mineral replacement in mollusk shells. A coloration pattern that is generally consistent with that of C. aemulator (three rows of discontinuous spiral bands) is revealed when this specimen is exposed to UV light (Fig. 7.4, 7.5). This suggests that the process of replacement of aragonite with calcite is highly localized, preserving in place the fluorescing material once associated with regions of pigmentation.
Subgenus Stephanoconus Mörch, 1852
Type species.—Conus leucostictus Gmelin, 1791 (=Conus regius Gmelin, 1791).
Remarks.—Puillandre et al. (2015) assigned 21 extant cone snail species to the subgenus Stephanoconus. The phylogenetic positions of 10 of these have been determined (Puillandre et al., 2014), and three occur in the Indo-Pacific, three in the eastern Pacific, and four in the western Atlantic. All Stephanoconus are vermivorous (Puillandre et al., 2014) and this feeding ecology is assumed for fossil taxa assigned to this clade.
Conus (Stephanoconus) woodringi new species Figures 2.2, 2.3, 8.1–8.10
1970 Conus consobrinus consobrinus; Woodring, p. 352, pl. 56, figs. 3, 7, 9 (not Conus consobrinus Sowerby I, 1850).
1993 Conus consobrinus consobrinus; Pitt and Pitt, p. 10, pl. 4, fig. 1 (not Conus consobrinus Sowerby I, 1850).
Holotype.—UF 259874, UF locality YN020 (“San Judas 01”), lower Gatun Formation, Cativa, Colón Province, Panama
2010 ?Conus spurius; Landau and da Silva, pl. 21, fig. 6a–c (not Conus spurius Gmelin, 1791).
(latitude and longitude: 9.3521170° N, 79.8368540° W (WGS84); determined using Google Earth Pro) (Fig. 8.1–8.5).
Paratypes.—UF 271017 (Fig. 8.6), UF 271018 (Fig. 8.7), UF 259753 (Fig. 8.8), UF256535 (Fig. 8.9), and UF 271019 (all from UF locality YN020, same as holotype).
Diagnosis.—Shell moderately large; spire low to moderate; spire tuberculate; subsutural flexure asymmetrical and deep; two sometimes interacting coloration patterns present, one often consisting of zig-zagging axial streaks.
Occurrence.—Based on records here and in Woodring (1970), the species spans the lower to upper Gatun Formation. It may also occur in the lower Pliocene Araya Formation of Cubagua Island, Venezuela (see remarks).
Description.—Shell size: moderately large. The holotype specimen (UF 259874) from UF locality YN020 has SL 50.2mm, while a middle Gatun Formation specimen (USNM 645746; Fig. 8.11, 8.12) figured by Woodring (1970) has SL 61.7mm. Last whorl.—Shape conical (RD 0.65–0.70, x=0:68;
PMD 0.88–0.95, x=0:91; N=4); outline convex on posterior half, nearly straight on posterior half, resulting in a slightly convex profile. Shoulder sharply angulate to angulate and forming a posterior-pointing ridge; smooth in mature indivi- duals. Widest part of shell below shoulder. Aperture uniform in width from base to shoulder. Siphonal notch absent. Fine to strong spiral threads on anterior half, diminishing towards shoulder; threads are frequently beaded. Spire whorls.—Spire low to moderate (RSH 0.10–0.20,
x=0:15; N=4); outline concave to slightly concave. Proto- conch unknown. Early postnuclear whorls unknown, but at least seven of the teleoconch whorls bear large, elongate tubercles that diminish thereafter. Sutural ramp of early whorls convex, sigmoidal on later whorls; several spiral grooves present, with threads in between. Subsutural flexure asymmetrical (ASSF 0.4– 0.7, x=0:6,N=3), depth often nearly twice width (DWSSF 1.2– 2.1, x=1:8, N=3) (Fig. 8.2, 8.12). Coloration pattern.—Two sometimes interacting patterns
present that vary in the color of emitted light. The primary pattern usually consists of two discontinuous bands made up of bold, zig-zagging axial streaks; the bands are usually divided at the midline by a narrow, unpigmented spiral band. In one specimen (Fig. 8.9), the primary bands are continuous, though an unpigmented region at the midline remains. The secondary pattern consists of numerous spiral rows of dots, dashes, or chevron-shape spots that extend from the base to the spire. Interactions between the two patterns are sometimes evident in cases where spaces between the elements of the secondary pattern overlap the primary pattern and result in small, unpig- mented dots or spots. Sutural ramp with irregular blotches.
Figure 8. Conus (Stephanoconus) woodringi new species: (1, 2, 11, 12) photographed under regular light; (3–10) photographed under UV light; all specimens are from UF locality YN020 (lower Gatun Formation) unless otherwise indicated. (1–5) UF 259874, holotype, SL 50.2mm, MD 28.0mm; (6) UF 271017,
SL 44.0mm; (7) UF 271018, preserved portion of SL 33.7mm; (8) UF 259753, SL 38.7mm; (9) UF 256535, SL 41.7mm; (10) USNM 645745, specimen figured by Woodring (1970, pl. 56, figs. 3, 7), Panama Canal Zone, Woodring locality 138c, lower Gatun Formation, SL 47.7mm; (11, 12) USNM 645746, specimen figured by Woodring (1970, pl. 56, fig. 9), Panama Canal Zone, Woodring locality 161b, middle Gatun Formation, SL 61.7mm. Scale bar to left of (1) is 10mm and pertains to all specimens.
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186 |
Page 187 |
Page 188 |
Page 189 |
Page 190 |
Page 191 |
Page 192 |
Page 193 |
Page 194 |
Page 195 |
Page 196 |
Page 197 |
Page 198 |
Page 199 |
Page 200 |
Page 201 |
Page 202 |
Page 203 |
Page 204 |
Page 205 |
Page 206 |
Page 207
