Uchman et al.—New vermetid attachment trace from a Miocene rocky coast
Table 1. Morphometric parameters of Spirolites radwanskii n. igen.
n.isp.(in mm); 33 specimens. *=minimum value is taken in the case of values ‘at least’ (>).
Specimen
INGUJ214P/SZG1a INGUJ214P/SZG1b INGUJ214P/SZG1c INGUJ214P/SZG1d INGUJ214P/SZG1e INGUJ214P/SZG1f INGUJ214P/SZG1g INGUJ214P/SZG1h INGUJ214P/SZG1i INGUJ214P/SZG1j INGUJ214P/SZG1k INGUJ214P/SZG1l INGUJ214P/SZG1m INGUJ214P/SZG1n INGUJ214P/SZG1o INGUJ214P/SZG1p INGUJ214P/SZG1r INGUJ214P/SZG1s INGUJ214P/SZG1t INGUJ214P/SZG2a INGUJ214P/SZG2b INGUJ214P/SZG2c INGUJ214P/SZG2d INGUJ214P/SZG2e INGUJ214P/SZG2f INGUJ214P/SZG2g INGUJ214P/SZG2h INGUJ214P/SZG2j INGUJ214P/SZG2k INGUJ214P/SZG2l INGUJ214P/SZG3 INGUJ214P/SZG4a INGUJ214P/SZG4b Mean values
Maximum width of trench
14 13 12 5
10 7
12 12 11 13 11 11 9
14 11 13 8
15 11 10 14 16 9
Maximum depth
15 15 16 6 8 5
10 15 13 17 11 8
10 18 19
9
18 12 8
13 12 8 3
10.9
12 11
10 15 9 6
11.4
15 10
14 8 6
13 12 18 3 8
10 —— — —
11 —— —
8
>43 >30 35
16 30 29 27 18 27 23 16 7
>30 >25
>32 18 16
23 24.7*
>12 >9 >9 >5
Maximum size of coil
6 —— —
26 32 23 12 30 22 25 25 23 29 28 22
Number of first-order annuli
10 11
— — — — — — —
>8
— —
887
Remarks.—According to Radwański (1969), this boring was formed by the bivalve Gastrochaena, but the bivalve Botula also can produce Gastrochaenolites cluniformis in corals (Kelly and Bromley, 1984).
Ichnogenus Entobia Bronn, 1838
Entobia ispp. Figure 6.5
Description.—A system of diverse, straight, curved, branched, rarely simple, usually discontinuous, partly unroofed channels, tunnels, and chambers, which in the outer side are arranged in linear tracts. The tunnels are discontinuous, usually 0.5–1mm wide, up to 8mm long. On the boulder surface, the chambers in outline form meshes that are 2–3mmwide. They show different sizes, usually circular, ellipsoid, or polygonal in cross section.
— — —
— — — — — —
9.1*
Asgaard, 1993a), and possibly by Parapholas (Uchman, Klee- mann, and Rattazzi, 2017). Radwański (1964, 1965, 1969) referred such borings to Aspidopholas.
Gastrochaenolites ?orbicularis Kelly and Bromley, 1984 Figures 3.2, 6.4
Description.—Boring composed of a smooth, spherical cham- ber, ~18mm in diameter. The chamber contacts the surface, so the neck is not preserved.
Remarks.—Because the neck is not preserved, the determination is unsure. Nevertheless, this ichnospecies is present in the quarry. Gastrochaenolites orbicularis is produced by the bivalve Jouannetia (Radwański, 1969; Kelly and Bromley, 1984; Uchman et al., 2017).
Gastrochaenolites cf. G. cluniformis Kelly and Bromley, 1984 Figures 3.1, 6.3
Description.—Clavate boring, 15mm long, with a smooth sur- face and a more or less distinct principal, vertical ridge (visible as a furrow in the cast) on one side of the chamber. The ridge on the opposite side of the chamber is absent. Both the basal and apertural parts are oval in horizontal section, with an indentation to the ridge. The chamber is 12mm wide.
Remarks.—This trace fossil is rare in the clasts with Spirolites n. isp., but is more frequent in other cobbles and boulders. It is partly abraded. Entobia is produced by several species of sponges belonging to the family Clionaidae (Radwański, 1969; Bromley and D’Alessandro, 1984).
Ichnogenus Caulostrepsis Clarke, 1908
Caulostrepsis isp. Figure 6.6
Description.—U-shaped, slightly inclined structure, which appears as a flat pouch with an arcuate distal margin, encircled by a marginal tunnel, which slightly diverges to the surface. The pouch is 7.5mm deep and up to 4mm wide.
Remarks.—This trace fossil was described by Radwański (1964, 1969, 1970, 1977) as the boring of Polydora ciliata (Johnston, 1838). Caulostrepsis Clarke, 1908 is produced by spionid poly- chaetes, mostly Polydora Bosc, particularly P. ciliata (Johnston), mostly in up to 25m of water depth (Boekschoten, 1966). The tracemakers are adapted to a wide range of environmental condi- tions, including low temperature and lowered salinity (see Hanken et al., 2012). The ichnotaxonomy of Caulostrepsis was discussed Bromley and D’Alessandro (1983).
Discussion
Tracemaker of Spirolites radwanskii.—Spirolites radwanskii n. igen. n. isp. does not contain any remains of calcareous tubes or shells, which would directly point to the trace maker. Mor- phology of the borings suggests that it was propagated deep into the rock gradually along a spiral path in the proximal part, increased its size, and steeply directed up in the distal part. In some cases, the distal part of the boring truncates the initial (proximal) part. The shape of the trace fossil resembles spiral tubes of some serpulid polychaetes and shells of some vermetid gastropods, which are considered here as potential trace makers. The serpulid polychaete hypothesis is cited often because
similar spiral trace fossils from the Miocene of Skotniki have been described by Radwański (1969, pl. 8, figs. 3, 4) as etchings of the serpulid polychaete Pomatoceros sp. However, no direct
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