Scott et al.—New diminutive species of Catopsalis from Alberta


905


Figure 5. Comparison of molars of various multituberculates demonstrating cusp interlock (specimens have been scaled to approximately the same size): (1) UALVP 29240, Cimexomys antiquus (MR-6 locality, Milk River Formation of southern Alberta, Late Cretaceous), LM1 (reversed from original) in occlusal view (cusps of the middle row are subquadrate and show no interlock between successive cusps); (2) UALVP 7431, Mesodma sp. (Bug Creek Anthills, Hell Creek Formation, Montana, latest Cretaceous/earliest Paleocene), RM1 in occlusal view (cusps of the middle row are weakly crescentic and show slight interlock, with the convex posterior side fitting into the concave anterior side of the next cusp); (3) ROM 61836, Cimolomys sp. (Bug Creek Anthills, Hell Creek Formation, Montana, latest Cretaceous/earliest Paleocene), RM1 in occlusal view (cusps of the middle row are crescentic and show well-developed interlock between successive cusps); (4) ROM 61837, Meniscoessus robustus (Bug Creek Anthills, Hell Creek Formation, Montana, latest Cretaceous/earliest Paleocene), Lm2 in occlusal view (cusps in both rows are strongly crescentic and show strong interlock between successive cusps). Scale=1mm.


Table 1. Combined measurements and descriptive statistics for the dentition of Catopsalis kakwa n. sp. from the early Paleocene (middle to late Torrejonian, To2−To3), southwestern Alberta, Canada. P=parameter; N=sample size; OR=observed range;M=mean; SD=standard deviation; CV=coefficient of variation; L=length;W=width.


Element M1


M2 p4


m1 m2


W 1 L


W 1 L


P N L


W 2 L


W 4 L


1 1 2 4 2


W 2


2.3−2.5 1.6


4.9−5.9 2.8−3.0 3.8−4.1 3.3−3.4


3.3 —— — 4.4 —— — 3.6 —— — 2.4 —— 1.6 —— 5.5 2.9


4.0 —— 3.4 ——


0.43 0.09


OR M SD CV 5.7 —— —


Hills Formation of South Dakota, has been previously considered a taeniolabidoid (e.g., Kielan-Jaworowska et al., 2004; Weil and Krause, 2008; Clemens, 2010). The species was included in the analyses of Williamson et al. (2015), and we agree with these authors in tentatively including Bubodens Wilson, 1987 as a Late Cretaceous taeniolabidoid. Prionessus, a diminutive multi- tuberculate from the Tibetan Plateau, has been traditionally regarded as a lambdopsalid, but we consider this referral dubious. Of the four North American taeniolabidoids, Catopsalis is


7.8 3.3


both of which are classified as Taeniolabidoidea incertae sedis. We provisionally concur with Xu et al. (2015), Williamson et al. (2015), and Mao et al. (2016) in regarding Sphenopsalis and Lambdopsalis, from the Mongolian Plateau of East Asia, as constituting a mono- phyletic family, the Lambdopsalidae, the sister group to Taeniola- bididae. The enigmatic Late Cretaceous taxon Bubodens magnus Wilson, 1987, to date known only from an isolatedm1from the Fox


the most speciose, but is poorly known, being represented largely by incomplete jaws with teeth, isolated teeth, and rare postcranial bones (e.g., Granger and Simpson, 1929; Middleton, 1982; Williamson and Lucas, 1993; Buckley, 1995; Lucas et al., 1997); as a result, the relationships of the various species referred to Catopsalis continue to be uncertain (e.g., Simmons and Miao, 1986; Williamson et al., 2015). The molars of Catopsalis are generally smaller than those of other taeniolabidids (excepting those of Valenopsalis, a genus that was until recently referred to Catopsalis; Williamson et al., 2015) and have fewer cusps, although one of the largest species of Catopsalis, C. calgariensis, is larger than Taeniolabis lamberti Simmons,


Figure 4. Comparison of upper and lower first molars of Valenopsalis joyneri (Bug Creek Anthills locality, Hell Creek Formation, northeastern Montana, earliest Paleocene), Catopsalis kakwa n. sp., and C. calgariensis (Shotgun locality, Fort Union Formation, Wyoming, late Paleocene) (for comparison, molars of V. joyneri and C. kakwa n. sp. have been enlarged to approximately the same size as those of C. calgariensis): (1–3) UALVP 28186, V. joyneri, RM1 in (1) labial, (2) lingual, and (3) occlusal views; (4–6) UALVP 57538, C. kakwa n. sp., LM1 (reversed from original), in (4) labial, (5) lingual, and (6) occlusal views; (7–9) UW 6407, C. calgariensis, RM1 in (7) labial, (8) lingual, and (9) occlusal views; (10–12) UALVP 21871, V. joyneri, Rm1 in (10) labial, (11) lingual, and (12) occlusal views; (13–15) TMP 2012.024.0063, C. kakwa n. sp., Lm1 (reversed from original), in (13) labial, (14) lingual, and (15) occlusal views; (16–18) UW6388, C. calgariensis, Rm1 in (16) labial, (17) lingual, and (18) occlusal views. Scales=2mm.


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