Hendricks—Miocene Conidae from the Gatun Formation of Panama
with other shell characteristics—are useful for understanding the relationships of members of this Miocene fauna to extant tropical American cone snail species. Where possible, the Conidae treated here are assigned to the modern clades recog- nized by Puillandre et al. (2014, 2015) and the implications of these assignments for understanding the evolution of the extant tropical American fauna are discussed.
Geological setting
Locality information.—With the exception of previously pub- lished material, all of the study specimens were collected from a quarry adjacent to a housing development called “San Judas Tadeo” in Cativa, Colón Province, Panama. The Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH) Division of Invertebrate Paleontology at the University of Florida (UF) recognizes this locality by the name “San Judas 01” and by the locality code YN020. (Equivalent museum locality codes: FLMNH Division of Vertebrate Paleontology YPA032; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute [STRI] 290,307 [Anderson et al., 2017]; Los Angeles County Museum Invertebrate Paleontology 41,707 [Anderson et al., 2017]). It is positioned at ~9.3521170°N, 79.8368540°W (WGS84) and was included on a map recently publishedbyAndersonetal. (2017, fig. 2).
Stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental information.—Hendy (2013), Pimiento et al. (2013), and Anderson et al. (2017) recently published stratigraphic columns for the Gatun Forma- tion that include locality YN020, referred to as “San Judas” in all three studies. Hendy (2013) and Pimiento et al. (2013) show YN020 located at ~200m in the section of Coates (1999), with an estimated age of ca. 11–10 Ma. Presuming that this is correct (absolute age dates are not available for this locality), YN020 is Tortonian in age (i.e., late Miocene). Using faunal occurrence records, Hendy (2013) also estimated changes in paleobathy- metry across the section exposed at YN020, suggesting that water depth was usually ~20–60m as this portion of the lower Gatun Formation was deposited (also see Anderson et al., 2017).
Materials and methods
Specimens from locality YN020.—Most of the studied speci- mens were collected from YN020 on either July 24, 2015 or October 8, 2015 by the author, with the generous assistance of others (see acknowledgments). Effort was made to collect all discovered specimens of Conidae, regardless of preservational quality, resulting in nearly 900 newly collected specimens. A modest number of Conidae specimens collected by teacher participants during the July 24, 2015 trip were not included in
Figure 2. Specimen measurements. (1) Conus spurius Gmelin, 1791 (UF 256537), illustrating measurements of maximum shell length (SL), maximum diameter (MD), aperture height (AH), and height of maximum diameter (HMD). (2) Spire whorls of Conus woodringi n. sp. (UF 259874) showing trace of the subsutural flexure (SSF) along a growth line; arrow indicates the position where the growth line intersects the abaxial margin of the sutural ramp. (3) Enlarged version of the trace shown in (2); measurements include depth of subsutural flexure (SSFD), width of the SSF from the adaxial margin of sutural ramp to position of maximum curvature of the SSF (SSFW1), and width of the SSF from the position of its maximum curvature to the abaxial margin of the sutural ramp (SSFW2).
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