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Journal of Paleontology 92(5):804–837 Subgenus Ximeniconus Emerson and Old, 1962 Type species.—Conus ximenes Gray, 1839.


Remarks.—Puillandre et al. (2015) assigned 29 extant species to the subgenus Ximeniconus. Eight of these species were included in the phylogenetic analysis of Puillandre et al. (2014); four occur in the eastern Pacific and four occur in the western Atlantic.


Conasprella (Ximeniconus) burckhardti (Böse, 1906) Figure 4.1–4.23


1906 Conus burckhardti Böse, p. 49, pl. 5, figs. 39, 40. 1922 Conus burckhardti; Olsson, p. 52, pl. 39, figs. 4, 5. 1922 Conus harrisi Olsson, p. 53, pl. 3, fig. 1. 1925 Conus burckhardti; Maury, p. 187, pl. 34, fig. 5. 1970 Conus burckhardti burckhardti; Woodring, p. 357, pl. 57, figs. 19, 20.


1970 Conus burckhardti harrisi; Woodring, p. 358, pl. 57, fig. 17.


1993 Conus burckhardti harrisi; Pitt and Pitt, pl. 3, fig. 9. 2009 Ximeniconus burckhardti (Böse); Tucker and Tenorio, p. 153.


Holotype.—IGM170 (Fig. 4.1, 4.2), Tuxtepec,Oaxaca Province, Mexico (stratum unknown).


Occurrence.—The exact stratigraphic position of the type locality at Tuxtepec, Mexico is unknown, but Woodring (1970) presented it as middle Miocene. Based on the species’ occur- rence at UF locality YN020 and reports in Woodring (1970) for both of the subspecies that he recognized, Conasprella burckhardti spans the lower to upper Gatun Formation. Woodr- ing (1970) also reported C. burckhardti from Miocene deposits in Ecuador, the Bocas del Toro area of Panama, Costa Rica, Vene- zuela, and Trinidad, but these require confirmation. There is no indication that the species persisted past theMiocene.


Description.—Maximum shell size: medium. Typical shell size of specimens fromUFlocality YN020: moderately small (24.7mm; N=136). Largest observed specimen from YN020 (UF 270995) has SL 36.9mm, but has a slightly damaged apex and was thus


slightly longer than this. The specimen (USNM 645752; Fig. 4.3) figured by Woodring (1970) from his locality 155 (middle Gatun Formation) has SL 42.3mmand the holotype (PRI 20899; Fig. 4.5) of C. harrisi, an incomplete specimen, has SL 53.0mm. Last whorl.—Shape conical (RD0.50–0.60, x=0:54; PMD 0.86–0.96, x=0:91; N=31); outline slightly convex on posterior


half, slightly concave on anterior half, resulting in sigmoidal profile. Shoulder carinate; smooth.Widest part of shell at or below shoulder. Aperture uniform in width from base to shoulder. Siphonal notch absent. Spiral ribs, which are often beaded, espe- cially on anterior half, extending from base to shoulder; grooves between ribs exhibit closely spaced axial threads (Fig. 4.8). Spire whorls.—Spire moderate to high (RSH 0.20–0.31,


x=0:25; N=31); outline nearly straight to slightly concave. Protoconch multispiral, with at least three whorls; diameter 0.8– 0.9mm (x=0:9; N=12) (Fig. 4.6). Tubercles present on first 0.25–1.0 whorls; these often become diminishing undulations before terminating. Early whorls strongly stepped; later whorls weakly stepped. Sutural ramp slightly concave; spiral orna- mentation absent. Subsutural flexure asymmetrical (ASSF 0.5– 0.6, x=0:6,N=3), depth approximately equal to width (DWSSF 0.8–1.3, x=1:1, N=3) (Fig. 4.7). Coloration pattern.—Two patterns present, which are


noninteracting in most cases and differ slightly in the color of emitted light. The primary (base) pattern is highly variable, ranging fromirregularly shaped, poorly organized axial blotches to continuous or discontinuous axial streaks to nearly continuous spiral bands. The secondary pattern, which is nearly obsolete in some specimens, consists of spiral dots or dashes on rib surfaces. The secondary dash pattern on UF 259813 (Fig. 4.20) shows weak interaction with the primary pattern in some areas, result- ing in unpigmented spaces between the spiral dashes. The coloration pattern of UF 270994 (Fig. 4.23) is unlike any


of the other observed specimens. On this specimen, the primary pattern continuously covers the entire last whorl, with the exception of several irregularly shaped blotches that are devoid of pigmenta- tion; the secondary pattern of this specimen consists of continuous lines that cover the rib surfaces, but do not cross the unpigmented blotches of the primary pattern, indicating interactions between the two patterns. This specimen is otherwise morphologically consistent with other specimens of C. burckhardti.Sutural ramp with irregular blotches that sometimes extend over the shoulder onto the last whorl, indicating an association with the primary pattern.


Materials.—An artificial cast of IGM 170 (holotype of Conus burckhardti Böse, 1906; Fig. 4.1, 4.2); USNM 645752 (one specimen, figured by Woodring; Fig. 4.3); USNM 645753 (one specimen, figured by Woodring, 1970); USNM 645754 (one specimen, figured by Woodring, 1970; Fig. 4.4); PRI 20899 (holotype of Conus harrisi Olsson, 1922); and an addi- tional 258 observed specimens, all from UF locality YN020.


Remarks.—Conasprella burckhardti was described by Böse (1906) from Tuxtepec in the Tehuantepec region of Oaxaca,


Figure 4. Conasprella burckhardti (Böse, 1906): (1, 2, 4–8) photographed under regular light; (3, 9–23) photographed under UV light; specimens are from UF locality YN020 unless otherwise indicated. (1, 2) Artificial cast of IGM 170 (PRI 70566), holotype of Conus burckhardti Böse, 1906, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, portion of SL preserved 21.6mm (measured from a digital image); (3) USNM 645752, specimen figured by Woodring (1970, pl. 57, fig. 19), SL 42.3mm, Panama Canal Zone, Woodring locality 155, middle Gatun Formation; (4) USNM 645754, specimen figured by Woodring (1970, pl. 57, fig. 17), SL 37.8mm, Panama Canal Zone, Woodring locality 138a, lower Gatun Formation; (5) PRI 20899, holotype of Conus harrisi Olsson, 1922, Banana River, Panama, portion of SL preserved 53.0mm; (6, 12) UF 270984, SL 17.2mm, showing features of the protoconch and early postnuclear whorls; (7, 19)UF 270985, SL 26.0mm, showing growth lines on the sutural ramp, indicating the shape of the subsutural flexure; (8) UF 259819, showing ornamentation features of the last whorl; (9, 10) UF 270986, SL 34.9mm; (11) UF 259811, SL 30.5mm; (13) UF 270987, SL 25.9mm; (14) UF 270988, SL 31.0mm; (15) UF 270989, SL 24.5mm; (16) UF 270990, SL 33.3mm; (17) UF 259831, SL 26.6mm; (18) UF 270991, SL 25.1mm; (20) UF 259813, SL 23.3mm; (21) UF 270992, SL 21.2mm; (22) UF 270993, SL 26.7mm; (23) UF 270994, SL 30.3mm. Scale bar to left of (1) is 1cm and pertains to all but (6–8), which are focus-stacked composite images; (6) scale bar equals 0.5mm and (7, 8) scale bars equal 1mm.


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