Jacisin and Hopkins—Fossil newts from the Oligocene of Oregon
721
Figure 5. Line drawings for comparison of trunk (1, 2) and atlas (3, 4) morphology between T. oligocenica and T. torosa in lateral view, anterior to the left. (1) Taricha oligocenica trunk vertebra; (2) T. torosa trunk vertebra; (3) atlas of T. oligocenica;(4) atlas of T. torosa.
Table 2. Measurements of extinct Taricha. Some specimens are too poorly preserved to perform accurate measurements. Approximate length calculated as between 10x skull width and 10x snout-gular length. Instances in which only partial measurements were available, such as when part of the tail is missing, are listed in the table with a > symbol to denote that the structure is partial and therefore larger than the available measurement. Abbreviations: head width (HW), snout-gular length (SG), snout-vent length (SVL), axilla-groin length (AG), tail length (TL), hind limb length (HLL), foot length (FL), forelimb length (FLL), trunk width (TW), distance between the eyes (E-E), eye width (EW), and distance from eye to nostril (E-N). All measurements in millimeters.
Specimen # F-5405
F-36412 F-30648 F-55196
F-59812 A-B F-35553 F-59813 F-30616 F-110577
F-38883 A-B UCMP 137466 I.D.
JODA 10429 A-B T. lindoei 910 JODA 1230
T. oligocenica ?? ? T. oligocenica T. lindoei T. lindoei T. lindoei T. lindoei T. lindoei
8 7.5 8
T. lindoei 79 ? T. lindoei 79 ?
11 11 54 30 >40 ? ?
?
? ?
? ?
? ? ?
and five as separate elements. Our observation is, however, within variation for at least extant Taricha granulosa, even within a single population (Shubin et al., 1995). While there is a preferred arrangement within a species (Shubin et al., 1995), a large sample size is required to describe variation and determine a most common arrangement. With only two other specimens of T. oligocenica partially preserving bones of the tarsus (UOMNH F-55196 and F-59812 A–B), the sample size is not nearly large enough to undertake such a study at this time, and even within this sample, UOMNH F-59812 appears to have the formula seen in extant Taricha (Fig. 4.3). Given the variation found in extant populations and the small sample size of fossil specimens, this study does not use the tarsus bone arrangement as a character for use in phylogenetic analyses. The arrange- ment of the carpus bones is the same in both extant Taricha and specimens UOMNH F-5405, F-55196, and F-59812 A–Bof T. oligocenica. The scapular portion of the scapulocoracoid is long and narrow compared to extant Taricha,asnoted by
T. oligocenica 88 ? T. oligocenica
T. oligocenica ?
HW SG SVL AG TL HLL FL FLL TW E-E EW E-N Approximate Length 130–135
13 14 60 34 >60 23 11 23 10 ? ? ?
13 15 62 35 9.5 10.5 43 6
9.5 11 45 30 9.5 11
40 >85 32 13.5 32 14 ? ?
? ?
33 18 >13 >12 ? ? ?
28 >25
? ?
? ? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
6 ? ? ? ? ? ?
24 12.5 24 10 ? >6? >5 ? 16 ? ? ? ? ? ?
3 3
? 2 2 ? ?
3.5 2 ?
?
3.5 2 3.5 2 ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? 2 2 ? ? ? ? ? 3 ? ? ? ?
95–100 95–100 100–105 90–95 70–75 70–75
165–170 130–135 100–105 60–65
85–90 85–90
Van Frank (1955), Naylor (1979), Estes (1981), and Holman (2006). In T. oligocenica, the total body lengths of the more
complete fossils (F-5405, F-59812 A–B) appear to be between ten times the skull width and ten times the snout-gular length (Table 2). The type for T. oligocenica, which measures 120mm, but is missing a little over a centimeter of the tail, is between 130–135mm in total length. For this same specimen, the skull width is 13mm, while the snout-gular length is 14mm. Naylor (1979) made similar calculations, determining that the total body length in extant Taricha was ~12 times the skull width, but these calculations were done with specimens that still possessed soft tissues, and therefore appear to over-predict the total body length of specimens with only skeletal material remaining.
Materials.—Mehama Formation, Lane County, Oregon, UO 11026 Goshen: UOMNH F-5405, a nearly complete skeleton
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