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Journal of Paleontology 92(4):681–712
Occurrence.—The holotype of Macrocrinus casualis was described from what was most probably the Fort Payne Formation at an undisclosed locality in Tennessee. In the Fort Payne Formation of south-central Kentucky and north-central Tennessee, this taxon is known from the following facies: cri- noidal packstone buildup facies at Cave Springs North, Cave Springs South, and Gross Creek; wackestone buildup facies at Owens Branch; and sheetlike packstone facies at Seventy-Six Falls, Wolf Creek/Caney Fork Confluence, and 61DW.
Description.—Calyx low to medium cone shaped, height to width ratio 0.51–0.95 (mean=0.73), widest at arm openings, slight concavity where basals meet radials, straight from base of radials to arm openings, outline of calyx at arm openings circular (Fig. 9.5). Basal rim formed from elongated transverse nodes of basal
tegmen shape flat inverted cone with few large plates with medium nodes, arm facets subhorizontal.
Macrocrinus mundulus (Hall, 1859a) Figure 9.1, 9.2
1859a Actinocrinus mundulus Hall, p. 39. 1859a Actinocrinus similis Hall, p. 40. 1859a Actinocrinus lagunculus Hall, p. 41.
1890 Batocrinus jucundus Miller and Gurley, p. 20, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6.
1891 Actinocrinus agnatus Miller, p. 53, pl. 8, figs.1, 2.
1895b Batocrinus procerus Miller and Gurley, p. 33, pl. 1, figs. 40–42
plates that extend horizontally, sutures flush with surrounding plates. Plate sculpturing variable; types include smooth, transverse nodes on all plates, central nodes on all plates, and any combination of the above. Basal circlet 18–45% of calyx height (mean=29%). Basal plates three, equal in size, sculpture as noted above. Radial circlet 27–53% of calyx height (mean= 40%). Radial plates five, hexagonal, generally wider than high, although a few specimens have radial plates higher than wide. Sculpture variable. Regular interrays not in contact with tegmen, consists of a single plate. Interradial plate slightly higher than wide, hexagonal. Primanal hexagonal, slightly higher than wide; plating
P-3-3-1, in contact with tegmen. First primibrachial wider than high; slightly smaller than
second primibrachial, second primibrachial axillary, additional fixed brachials wider than high, two secundibrachials, last fixed
brachials in tertibrachitaxis, free arm facets subvertical. Tegmen very low inverted cone from arm openings to base
of anal tube, with few plates leading to anal tube, tegmen plates with small spines (Fig. 9.6), anal tube shape tapering inverted cone, ~2.0 times higher than the calyx, comprised of large plates with a central node. Free arms 14–17, distal arms unknown in Fort Payne
Formation.
Materials.—The holotype of E. casualis Miller and Gurley is FMNH UC 6498, and the holotype of Batocrinus rudis Miller and Gurley, 1896c, a junior synonym, is FMNH UC 8777. The following are new Fort Payne Formation specimens from this study USNM 639933–USNM 639937, OSU 54506–54521, and CMC IP76376–CMC IP76404.
Measurements.—See Supplemental Table 6.
Remarks.—Macrocrinus casualis has a low to medium cone- shaped calyx; basals high; tegmen shape low inverted cone with few large plates with large nodes; arm facets subvertical. In contrast Fort Payne species are characterized as follows: M. mundulus with a medium cone-shaped calyx, basals high, tegmen shape flat inverted cone with many small plates with small nodes, arm facets subvertical; and M. strotobasilaris with a medium cone-shaped calyx, higher than tegmen, basals low,
1897 Macrocrinus jucundus (Miller and Gurley); Wachsmuth and Springer, p. 451, pl. 4, fig. 15, pl. 30, figs. 13, 14.
1897 Batocrinus mundulus (Hall); Wachsmuth and Springer, p. 382, pl. 30, figs. 4a–5.
1897 Macrocrinus lagunculus (Hall); Wachsmuth and Springer, p. 453, pl. 35, fig. 4.
1958 Macrocrinus mundulus (Hall); Lane, p. 204, pl. 7, fig. 3, pl. 8, fig. 4, pl. 9, fig. 9.
1964 Macrocrinus mundulus (Hall); Van Sant, p. 117, pl. 8, figs. 6, 13.
1978 Macrocrinus jucundus (Miller and Gurley); N.G. Lane, p. T471, fig. 276.2a, b.
1991b Macrocrinus mundulus (Hall); Ausich and Kammer, p. 936, figs. 1.1–1.3.
1999 Macrocrinus mundulus (Hall); Ausich in Hess et al., figs. 158, 161.
2013 Macrocrinus mundulus (Hall); Webster and Webster, p. 1784.
Complete synonymy list in Supplemental Data 2. Holotype.—IGS 1848.
Diagnosis.—Calyx medium cone shaped, higher than tegmen; basals high; tegmen shape flat inverted cone with many small plates with small nodes; arm facets subvertical.
Occurrence.—Macrocrinus mundulus was originally described from the Keokuk Limestone at Warsaw, Illinois. This species is now recognized from the following early Viséan formations: Keokuk Limestone at Warsaw and Nauvoo, Illinois and Keokuk, Iowa; the Edwardsville Formation in Monroe County (Allens Creek Bank, Boy Scout Camp, and Waldrip Site) and Montgomery County (Indian Creek and Crawfordsville upper quarry), Indiana; the upper Warsaw Formation in Missouri; the Harrodsburg Limestone in Indiana the Muldraugh Member of the Borden Formation (Hardin County, Kentucky). In the Fort Payne Formation of south-central Kentucky
and north-central Tennessee, Macrocrinus mundulus is known from sheetlike packstone facies at Wolf Creek/Caney Fork Confluence and 61DW.
Description.—Calyx medium cone shaped, height to width ratio 0.62–0.86 (mean=0.75), widest at arm openings, slight
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