Ausich et al.—Fort Payne Formation Batocrinidae
USNM S 588, and numerous complete and partial specimens collected from the Fort Payne exposures in south-central Kentucky. The following are new Fort Payne Formation specimens from this study USNM 639900–USNM 639903, OSU 54478–OSU 54481, and CMC IP76351–CMC IP76354.
Measurements.—See Supplemental Table 3.
Remarks.—Specimens of Abatocrinus grandis from the Fort Payne Formation display variability in arm number and calyx shape, which is well within the range of variability described for this species by Lane (1958). Typically A, B, and E rays have four arms; and the C and D rays may have four to seven arms. The tegmen may be either high and nearly equal in geometry to the calyx, or low and a considerably less significant proportion of the theca. Plating of the rays and half-rays adjacent to the CD interray may deviate slightly from that described above with either addition or elimination of plates from the primi- or secondibrachitaxis. The description given above is based only on material from the Fort Payne Formation. Additional details of the arms and column are known on specimens from Crawfordsville, Indiana. Lane (1963a) placed Actinocrinites urna Troost (nomen
nudum) and Actinocrinus wachsmuthi White in synonymy with Abatocrinus grandis. Herein, we designate Batocrinus casula Miller and Gurley, 1895a and Batocrinus honorabilis Miller and Gurley, 1895a as junior synonyms of Abatocrinus grandis. These two species were not considered in the Lane (1958, 1963a) revisions. In all respects, B. honorabilis corresponds with the morphology of Abatocrinus grandis. Batocrinus casula has more pronounced aboral cup sculpturing than typical, but its morphology is well within the range present in known specimens of Abatocrinus grandis. Abatocrinus grandis is distinct from other early Viséan
Abatocrinus species by differences in calyx shape, plate sculpturing, nature of the basals and basal circlet, the number of plates in the regular and CD interrays, number of secundibrachials, and arm number (Lane, 1958, 1963a). Abatocrinus grandis has a medium cone-shaped calyx shape with a straight-sided cup through the secundibrachitaxis, very nodose calyx plates, a high basal circlet, three to four plates in regular interrays, eight to ten total plates in the CD interray, two secundibrachials, and 21–26 arms. Abatocrinus grandis differs from Abatocrinus steropes, which also occurs in the Fort Payne Formation, in that Abatocrinus steropes has fewer and larger plates in the calyx, larger basals, one interradial plate in regular interrays, the primanal and only four or five additional plates in the CD interray, a single axillary secundibrachial, and 18–20 arms. Abatocrinus clavigerus (Hall), which is known only from the Keokuk Limestone at Nauvoo, Illinois, is characterized by having a low, wide calyx that is cylindrical from the base to the first primibrachial above which it widens to the arm openings, low tegmen, low basals, calyx plates that lack sculpturing except the radial plates, one interradial plate in regular interrays, primanal, and a total of four additional plates in other ranges, and 20 arms (Lane, 1958).
Abatocrinus steropes (Hall, 1859a) Figure 5.5, 5.6
691 1849 Actinocrinites gibbosus Troost, p. 419 (nomen nudum).
1850b Actinocrinites? Sayi Troost, p. 28, fig. 31 (nomen nudum).
1859a Actinocrinus steropes Hall, p. 43. 1909 Batocrinus gibbosus (Troost); Wood, p. 64, pl. 15, fig. 9. 1925 Batocrinus springeranus Bassler, fig. 26. 1958 Abatocrinus steropes (Hall); Lane, p. 111, pl. 2, fig. 8. 1963a Abatocrinus steropes (Hall); Lane, p. 697.
2013 Abatocrinus springeranus Bassler; Webster and Webster, p. 685.
2013 Abatocrinus steropes (Hall); Webster and Webster, p. 685.
Complete synonymy list in Supplemental Data 2. Holotype.—UI X-840.
Diagnosis.—Calyx medium to large, expanded slightly to moderately from above the secundibrachitaxis to the position of arm openings; calyx plates large and relatively few; circular or elongate transverse nodes on all calyx plates; one secundibra- chial; one interradial plate in regular interrays; three to five plates in one or two ranges above the primanal; 18–20 arms.
Occurrence.—The holotype of Abatocrinus steropes was described from the Keokuk Limestone at Hamilton, Hancock County, Illinois. The type specimen(s) of junior synonyms are from the following: Actinocrinites gibbosus and Actinocrinites sayi (nomina nuda) holotypes, Whites Creek Springs, Davidson Co., Tennessee (Fort Payne Forma- tion); and Batocrinus springeranus holotype, “lower Keokuk”, Overton County, Tennessee (presumably the Fort Payne Formation). This species is now recognized from early Viséan
formations: (1) Keokuk Formation at Hamilton, Hancock County, Illinois; and (2) the Fort Payne Formation in the Lake Cumberland Region in Kentucky (Clinton and Russell Coun- ties) and in Tennessee (Whites Creek Springs, Davidson County, and in Overton County). In the Fort Payne Formation of south-central Kentucky and
north-central Tennessee, Abatocrinus steropes is known from the following facies: crinoidal packstone buildup facies at Cave Springs North, Cave Springs South, and Gross Creek; and the sheetlike packstone facies at Seventy-Six Falls.
Description.—Calyx medium cone shaped (Fig. 5.5), medium to large in size, slightly to moderately expanded from above the secundibrachitaxis to the level of arm openings; all calyx plates relatively large in size, with large central circular node or elon- gate transverse node (Fig. 5.6). Basal circlet truncate proxi- mally, high, ~20% of cup height, very shallow basal concavity formed only by proximal extension of transverse nodes on basal plates, basal-basal sutures indented; basal plates three, equal in size, large elongate transverse node proximally. Radial circlet ~25% of calyx height; radial plates nearly as wide as high, five, hexagonal, ~1.5 times wider than high, supporting the first pri- mibrachial above and the only interradial laterally above on either side. In regular interrays a single large interradial plate,
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