Ausich et al.—Fort Payne Formation Batocrinidae
horizontal. This contrasts with U. robustus, which has basal sutures impressed between basals, flush with radials; fewer plates in regular and posterior interrays; no intraray plate between halfrays; arm facets subvertical.
Uperocrinus robustus (Wachsmuth and Springer, 1897) Figure 11.7, 11.8
1850b Actinocrinites Holbrooki Troost, p. 29, fig. 33 (nomen nudum).
1897 Lobocrinus robustus Wachsmuth and Springer, p. 436, pl. 30, figs. 8a, b.
1958 Uperocrinus robustus (Wachsmuth and Springer); Lane, p. 237.
2013 Uperocrinus robustus (Wachsmuth and Springer); Webster and Webster, p. 2583.
Complete synonymy list in Supplemental Data 2. Holotype.—USNM S 908.
Diagnosis.—Basal sutures impressed between basals, flush with radials; fewer plates in regular and posterior interrays; no intraray plate between half-rays; arm facets subvertical.
Occurrence.—The holotype of Uperocrinus robustus was described from the Fort Payne Formation at Whites Creek Spring, Davidson County, Tennessee. The provenance of the Actinocrinites holbrooki is not known, but presumably also from Whites Creek Springs. This species is now recognized from only the Fort Payne
Formation (early Viséan), where it is known from Clinton, Cumberland, and Russell counties, Kentucky, and Davidson (Whites Creek Springs), Lawrence (Krivicich et al., 2013, Localities 5 and 6), and Pickett counties (Cove Creek), Tennessee. In the Fort Payne Formation of south-central Kentucky and
north-central Tennessee, Uperocrinus robustus is known from the following facies: crinoidal packstone buildup facies at Cave Springs North, Cave Springs South, Gross Creek, and Gross Creek West; wackestone buildup facies at Lily Creek and Owens Creek; and sheet-form packstone facies at Cove Creek, Seventy-Six Falls, Wolf Creek/Caney Fork Confluence, and 61RS.
Description.—Calyx medium cone shape, height to width ratio 0.33–0.80 (mean=0.56) (Fig. 11.7), widest at arm openings, straight from basals to arm openings, outline of calyx at level of arm openings strongly pentalobate. Basal rim formed from elongated transverse nodes of basal
plate that extend horizontally; sutures between basals impressed in groove, sutures with radials flush or with slight impression. Plate sculpturing includes faint central nodes on radials with other calyx plates smooth. Basal circlet 17–25% of calyx height (mean=21%). Basal plates three, equal in size, sculpture as noted above. Radial circlet 28–51% of calyx height (mean= 38%). Radial plates five, wider than high, sculpture as noted
above. Regular interrays in contact with tegmen, plating 1-1-1, first interradial plate higher than wide, shape variable.
709 Primanal septagonal, wider than high, plating P-3-2-1, in
contact with tegmen. First primibrachial wider than high, approximately equal in
size to second primibrachial; second primibrachial axillary; two secundibrachials, last fixed brachials in tertitaxis; free arm facets subvertical. Tegmen very low inverted cone from arm openings to base
of anal tube, plates with central spine (Fig. 11.8), anal tube shape unknown from Fort Payne material. Free arms commonly 20, distal arms unknown from Fort
Payne material.
Materials.—The type specimen that would have been the type of Actinocrinites holbrooki Troost, 1850b is USNM 39901. The following are new Fort Payne Formation specimens from this study: USNM 639955–USNM 639957, OSU 54540– OSU54542, and CMC IP76419–CMC IP76421.
Measurements.—See Supplemental Table 9.
Remarks.—For comparison with the other Uperocrinus in the Fort Payne Formation discussed here, see remarks of U. nashvillae.
Summary of systematic and nomenclatoral changes
Revisions resulting from this study include the following: (1) Batocrinus honorabilis Miller and Gurley, 1895a and Batocrinus casula Miller and Gurley, 1895a are designated junior synonyms of Abatocrinus grandis (Lyon and Casseday, 1859); (2) Batocrinus springeranus Bassler, 1925 is designated a junior synonym of Abatocrinus steropes (Hall, 1859a); (3) Agaricocrinus? depressus Casseday and Lyon, 1862 is designated a junior synonym of Alloprosallocrinus conicus Casseday and Lyon, 1862; (4) Batocrinus commendabilis Miller and Gurley, 1895a and Batocrinus wetherbyi Miller and Gurley, 1895a are designated junior synonyms of Eretmocrinus magnificus (Lyon and Casseday, 1859); (5) Batocrinus curiosus Miller and Gurley, 1895a, Batocrinus laterna Miller and Gurley, 1895a, and Eretmocrinus lyonanus Miller, 1891 are designated as junior synonyms of Eretmocrinus ramulosus (Hall, 1858); (6) Magnuscrinus spinosus is reassigned to Eretmocrinus; (7) the hybrid specimens previously recognized as Eretmocrinus magnificus ×E. praegravis should now be recognized as Eretmocrinus magnificus ×E. spinosus, and Batocrinus laciniosus (Miller and Gurley, 1895a) is now con- sidered to represent this hybrid; (8) Batocrinus rudis Miller and Gurley, 1896c is designated a junior synonym of Macrocrinus casualis (Miller and Gurley, 1895a); (9) Alloprosalloscrinus celsus Miller and Gurley, 1894b is designated a junior synonym of Magnuscrinus praegravis (Miller, 1892a); and (10) finally, Azygocrinus decoris Miller, 1892c and Glannearycrinus spergenensis (Miller, 1892a) are not considered taxa from the Fort Payne Formation.
Acknowledgments
We thank the following (in alphabetical order) for assistance with curated specimens: D.B. Blake, University of Illinois;
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