Ausich et al.—Fort Payne Formation Batocrinidae First primibrachial wider than high; approximately equal in
size or smaller to second primibrachial; second primibrachial axillary; additional fixed brachials wider than high; two secundibrachials; last fixed brachials at tertibrachial three; free arm facet vertically elongate, proximal elongation due to ray ridges; surficial plate sculpturing as noted above. Tegmen medium inverted bowl from arm openings to the
base of anal tube; tegmen plates with elongate circular spines; one thecal opening on either side of arm facets (Fig. 8.1). Anal tube high; plates with horizontally elongate spines. Free arms 20–26 (mean=23). Distal arms not preserved on
calyx of Fort Payne specimens. Proximal-most column circular, narrow crenularium, wide areola, pentalobate lumen, distal column not known.
Materials.—The holotype of E. ramulosus is UI X-818. Type material of junior synonyms include the following: Batocrinus curiosus, holotype FMNH UC 6436; Batocrinus lyonanus holo- type, FMNH UC 6276; Batocrinus laterna, holotype FMNH UC 6431; and Actinocrinites agassizi Troost, the specimen thatwould have become a type, USNM 39893. The following Fort Payne material is deposited in theUSNM:USNMS 752 (12 specimens), USNM S 753 (two specimens), USNM S 754 and USNM S 756 (two specimens). New specimens from the present study include USNM 639921–USNM 639927, OSU 54500–OSU 54501, and CMC IP76368–CMC IP76371.
Measurements.—See Supplemental Table 5.
Remarks.—Eretmocrinus ramulosus is a relatively rare species in the Fort Payne Formation. Like other Eretmocrinus, it is most common on crinoid carbonate buildups and wackestone build- ups. The strong ray ridges, high calyx width to height ratio, and high radial plate width to height ratio are the most distinctive features of this species. Lane (1958) placed B. curiosus, B. casula, and A. agassizi
in synonymy with E. ramulosus. We agree with these assignments, and regard E. lyonanus and B. laterna to be junior synonyms of E. ramulosus. The size range distribution of specimens assigned to
E. ramulosus is bimodal. Only smaller specimens (e.g., Fig. 8.1) are listed in Supplemental Table 5, because these smaller specimens presumably had more firmly cemented calyx plate sutures so that they were more readily preserved in their original three-dimensional shape. Alternatively, the larger specimens (Fig. 8.7) are all compressed due to compaction so that they cannot be accurately compared biometrically to the smaller specimens. The smaller specimens are in the same basic size range as specimens of E. magnificus, whereas the calyx width of the larger morph is as much as twice as wide. In addition to the size distinction, the larger morph has pronounced nodes on interradial plates, rays may be more defined by nodes than ridges, and the basal rim is relatively narrower and indented at basal-basal plate sutures. In contrast, the smaller morph has inconspicuous nodes or no nodes on interradial plates, rays are defined by ridges, and the basal rim is relatively larger and typically is a continuous rim. We consider these differences to be ontogenetic until a time when numerous well-preserved thecae of all sizes can be compared biometrically. Both morphs
699
appear to have the same basic overall geometry (although this cannot be positively confirmed), the calyces of both are dominated by ray ridges (although the style may be different), and they both have modestly sized pustulose sculpturing in addition to the conspicuous nodes and ridges. For comparison to other Fort Payne species of Eretmocrinus, see remarks of E. magnificus.
Eretmocrinus spinosus Miller and Gurley, 1895a Figure 8.3, 8.5, 8.6, 8.8, 8.9
1850b Actinocrinites Marineri Troost, p. 25, fig. 27 (nomen nudum).
1895a Batocrinus spinosus Miller and Gurley, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 1–3.
2013 Magnuscrinus spinosus (Miller and Gurley); Webster and Webster, p. 1795.
2014 Magnuscrinus praegravis (Miller, 1892a); Krivicich et al., p. 1155.
Complete synonymy list in Supplemental Data 2. Holotype.—FMNH UC 6435.
Diagnosis.—Calyx low cone shaped, width to height ratio 2.38; calyx height to tegmen height ratio 0.60; prominent horizontally elongate spines or thick circular spines on calyx plates; basal circlet 13% of calyx height; radial circlet 18% of calyx height; radial plates 3.0 times as wide as high; commonly a singular interray plate but plating may be 1-1; CD interray plating P-3-1; one secundibrachial; anal tube with small plates lacking nodes or spines; free arms commonly 12–15.
Occurrence.—The holotype of Eretmocrinus spinosus was described from Little Barren River, (probably) Barren County, Kentucky (presumably the Fort Payne Formation). Actinocri- nites marineri was originally described from Cannon County, Tennessee and Little Barren River, Barren County, Kentucky (both presumably the Fort Payne Formation). This species is now recognized from the Fort Payne
Formation (early Viséan) in Barren, Clinton, Cumberland, and Russell counties, Kentucky and in Cannon, Lawrence (Krivicich et al., 2013, Locality 5), and Pickett counties, Tennessee; and in Dekalb (Krivicich et al., 2013, Locality 1) and Limestone (Krivicich et al., 2013, Locality 3) counties, Alabama. In the Fort Payne Formation of south-central Kentucky and
north-central Tennessee, Eretmocrinus spinosus is known from the following facies: crinoidal packstone buildup facies at Cave Springs North, Cave Springs South, Gross Creek, and Gross Creek West; wackestone buildup facies at Bugwood, Lily Creek, and Owens Branch; and sheet-form packstone facies at Cove Creek, Obey Creek, Seventy-Six Falls, Wolf Creek/Caney Fork Confluence, 61B, 61D, and 61RS.
Description.—Calyx widest at arm openings, sides straight from base to arm openings, low cone shaped (Fig 8.5, 8.9), large size for genus. Calyx width to height ratio 2.38 (range 1.87–2.49), calyx height to tegmen height (to base of anal tube) ratio 0.60
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