Ausich et al.—Fort Payne Formation Batocrinidae
Webster, 2013). Both of these taxa were originally described from the “Warsaw Formation” of Kentucky, and we regard the Fort Payne occurrences as erroneous.
Genus Abatocrinus Lane, 1963a
Type species.—Actinocrinus turbinatus Hall, 1858, by original designation.
Other species.—See Ausich and Kammer (2010) for full list of species currently assigned to Abatocrinus. Early Viséan species of Abatocrinus include A. clavigerus (Hall, 1859a), A. grandis, and A. steropes. Abatocrinus clavigerus is only known from the Keokuk Limestone in Illinois, but the latter two species have more widespread geographic distributions, as discussed below.
Diagnosis.—Calyx shape low to medium cone or expanding with concave sides, or rarely low bowl; basal concavity absent; calyx as high as or higher than tegmen; calyx plates low, con- vex, nodose, very nodose, or rarely with ray ridges; plates commonly with distinct sutures; basal plates low or high, trun- cate or with proximal expansion formed by nodes; radial plates high; first primibrachial tetragonal; rays not lobate; regular interrays not in contact with tegmen; CD interray not in contact with tegmen; tegmen flat to low inverted bowl, flat to low cone, or rarely concave sides; tegmen plates smooth, nodose, or spinose; anal tube cylindrical; arm facets face outward (subvertical); free arms 18–26, unbranched, and rarely spatulate distally (from Ausich and Kammer, 2010).
Occurrence.—Abatocrinus is confined to Laurentia, where constituent taxa range in age from the Tournasian to Viséan (early Kinderhookian to Meramecian).
Remarks.—Species characters for Abatocrinus are relative calyx size, degree of widening of the calyx at the position where the arms become free, calyx plate sculpturing, number of secundibrachials, number of interradial plates in regular inter- rays, and number of free arms.
Abatocrinus grandis (Lyon and Casseday, 1859) Figure 5.1–5.4
1849 Actinocrinites Urna Troost, p. 419 (nomen nudum).
1859 Actinocrinus sp. nobis (grandis) Lyon and Casseday, p. 240.
1880 Actinocrinus wachsmuthiWhite, p. 162, pl. 40, fig. 1a, b.
1895a Batocrinus casula Miller and Gurley, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8.
1895a Batocrinus honorabilis Miller and Gurley, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 9, 10.
1897 Batocrinus grandis (Lyon and Casseday); Wachsmuth and Springer, p. 381, pl. 1, fig. 2, pl. 27, figs. 1b, 2a, b.
1958 Abatocrinus grandis (Lyon and Casseday); Lane, p. 102, pl. 2, fig. 7.
1963a Abatocrinus grandis (Lyon and Casseday); Lane, p. 697.
689
1964 Abatocrinus grandis (Lyon and Casseday); Van Sant, p. 108, pl. 7, figs. 5–8, figs. 17.1, 19.4, 36.
2013 Abatocrinus grandis (Lyon and Casseday); Webster and Webster, p. 682.
Complete synonymy list in Supplemental Data 2. Holotype.—USNM S 586.
Diagnosis.—Calyx medium to large, slightly expanded at position of arm openings; transverse or circular nodes on calyx plates; two secundibrachials; three or four interradial plates in regular interrays; 20–26 arms.
Occurrence.—Abatocrinus grandiswas originally reported from the Edwardsville Formation (early Viséan) at Crawfordsville, Indiana. The type specimen(s) of junior synonyms are from the following: Batocrinus casula holotype from Little Barren River, Kentucky (presumably the Fort Payne Formation); Batocrinus honorabilis holotype from “Keokuk Group” of Tennessee (presumably the Fort Payne Formation); Actinocrinites urna (nomen nudum) holotype from the “Keokuk horizon” Whites Creek Spring, Tennessee (Fort Payne Formation); and Actinocrinites wachsmuthi holotype from the Edwardsville Formation at Crawfordsville, Indiana. This species is now recognized from the following early
Viséan formations: (1) the Fort Payne Formation in Kentucky (Clinton, Cumberland, Russell, and Wayne counties), in Tennessee (Davidson and Lawrence [Krivicich et al., 2013, Locality 3] counties), and in Alabama in Limestone County (Krivicich et al., 2013, Locality 5); (2) the Edwardsville Formation in Indiana (Monroe and Montgomery counties); and (3) the Muldraugh Member of the Borden Formation at Elizabethtown, Hardin County, Kentucky. In the Fort Payne Formation of south-central Kentucky and
north-central Tennessee, Abatocrinus grandis is known from the following facies: crinoidal packstone buildup facies at Cave Springs North, Cave Springs South, Gross Creek, and Gross Creek West; wackestone buildup facies at Pleasant Hill, Owens Branch, Harmon Creek, and Otter Creek; and the sheetform packstone facies at Big Turbidite, Seventy-Six Falls, Wolf Creek/Caney Fork Confluence, 61DW, and 61N (Fig. 3).
Description.—Calyx medium cone shape, medium to large in size, slightly expanded at level of arm openings (Fig. 5.1), straight-sided from base to position where expansion to level of arm openings begins; plates on aboral cup with central circular or elongate transverse node. Basal circlet truncate proximally, high, ~20% of cup
height, shallow basal concavity formed in part by proximal extension of nodes on basal plates, basal-basal sutures indented; basal plates three, equal in size, elongate transverse nodes on basal plates form proximal part of calyx (Fig. 5.2). Radial circlet ~20% of cup height (Fig. 5.1, 5.4); radial plates five, hexagonal, ~1.5 times wider than high, central elongate transverse node, supports first primibrachial above and first interradials laterally above. Regular interrays not in contact with tegmen, all plates with central circular node; first interradial plate hexagonal, slightly wider than high, smaller than radial plates but larger
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