Ausich et al.—Fort Payne Formation Batocrinidae


morphs with apparent smooth calyx plate sculpturing; basal circlet height 23% of calyx height; radial circlet height 15% of calyx height; radial plates 2.7 times as wide as high; regular interray plating commonly 1-2, but also 1-1, 1-1-1, 1-2-1; CD interray not in contact with tegmen, plating P-3-3 or P-4; two secundibrachials; anal tube with either low circular or horizontally elongate spines; free arms commonly 20 (range 18–21). In contrast, E. ramulosus has a calyx width to height ratio 2.54; calyx height to tegmen height ratio 0.66 calyx plate sculpturing variable, radial plates typically with horizontally elongate node, ray plates always with prominent ray ridges or aligned nodes; basal circlet height 9.5% of calyx height; radial circlet height 7.7% of calyx height; radial plates 6.7 times as wide as high; regular interray plating commonly 1-2, but also 1-3 and 1-2-1; CD interray plating P-3-3-2-1; two secundibra- chials; anal tube with horizontally elongate spines; free arms commonly 23 (range 20–26). Calyx width to height ratio 2.2; calyx height to tegmen height ratio 0.74; prominent horizontally elongate spines or thick circular spines on calyx plates; basal circlet 13% of calyx height; radial circlet 18% of calyx height; radial plates 3.0 times as wide as high; commonly a singular interray plate but plating may be 1-1; CD interray plating P-3-1; one secundibrachials; anal tube with small plates lacking nodes or spines; free arms commonly 12–15. Eretmocrinus spinosus has a calyx width to height ratio 2.38; calyx height to tegmen height ratio 0.74; prominent horizontally elongate spines or thick circular spines on calyx plates; basal circlet height 13% of calyx height; radial circlet height 18% of calyx height; radial plates height 3.0 times as wide as high; commonly a singular interray plate but plating may be 1-1; CD interray plating P-3-1; one secundibrachials; anal tube with small plates lacking nodes or spines; free arms commonly 12–15.


Eretmocrinus ramulosus (Hall, 1858) (non Wachsmuth and Springer, 1897) Figure 8.1, 8.2, 8.4, 8.7


1849 Actinocrinites Agassizi Troost, p. 419 (nomen nudum). 1858 Actinocrinus ramulosus Hall, p. 615, pl. 15, fig. 7. 1891 Eretmocrinus lyonanus Miller, p. 59, pl. 10, fig. 3.


1895a Batocrinus curiosus Miller and Gurley, p. 6, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6.


1895a Batocrinus laterna Miller and Gurley, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 13, 14.


1897 Eretmocrinus ramulosus (Hall); Wachsmuth and Springer, p. 387, pl. 37, figs. 4a, b, 5a–d.


1958 Eretmocrinus ramulosus (Hall); Lane, p. 177.


2013 Eretmocrinus ramulosus (Hall); Webster and Webster, p. 1421.


Complete synonymy list in Supplemental Data 2. Holotype.—UI X-818.


Diagnosis.—Calyx low cone shaped, width to height ratio 2.54; calyx height to tegmen height ratio 0.66; calyx plate sculpturing variable, radial plates typically with horizontally elongate node, ray plates always with prominent ray ridges or aligned nodes; basal circlet 9.5% of calyx height; radial circlet 7.7% of calyx


697


height; radial plates 6.7 times as wide as high; regular interray plating commonly 1-2, but also 1-3 and 1-2-1; CD interray plating P-3-3-2-1; two secundibrachials; anal tube with horizontally elongate spines; free arms commonly 23 (range 20–26).


Occurrence.—The holotype of Eretmocrinus ramulosus was described from the Keokuk Limestone, Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois. The type specimen(s) of junior synonyms are from the following: Batocrinus curiosus holotype, presumably the Fort Payne Formation, Allen County, Kentucky; Batocrinus lyonanus holotype, presumably the Fort Payne Formation, Little Barren River, Kentucky; Batocrinus laterna holotype, “Keokuk Group” (Fort Payne Formation), Whites Creek Spring; Actinocrinites agassizi holotype, Whites Creek Spring (Fort Payne Formation). This species is now recognized from the following early


Viséan formations: (1) Edwardsville Formation, Montgomery County (Indian Creek), Indiana; (2) Fort Payne Formation in Allen, Barren, Clinton, Cumberland, and Russell counties, Kentucky and in Davidson County (Whites Creek Spring), Tennessee; (3) the Keokuk Limestone at Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois and Augusta, Des Moines County, Iowa; and (4) the Montrose Chert Member of the Keokuk Limestone at Keokuk, Lee County, Iowa. In the Fort Payne Formation of south-central Kentucky and


north-central Tennessee, Eretmocrinus ramulosus is known from the following facies: crinoidal packstone buildup facies at Cave Springs North, Cave Springs South, and Gross Creek; wackestone buildup facies at Bugwood, Lily Creek, Owens Branch, and Pleasant Hill; and sheetlike packstone facies at Seventy-Six Falls, Wolf Creek/Caney Fork Confluence, and 61RS.


Description.—Calyx widest at arm openings, very low to low calyx shape, sides of calyx either straight or concave, medium to large size for genus. Calyx width to height ratio 2.54 (range 2.20–3.11), calyx height to tegmen height (to base of anal tube) ratio 0.66 (range 0.57–0.81). Outline of calyx at level of arm openings circular or circular with slight indentations between rays and half rays (Fig. 8.2). Surficial plate sculpturing variable. Basal rim extremely variable; formed from elongate


transverse nodes on basal plates that extend horizontally or slightly proximally, varies from complete and three times as wide as proximal column to isolated elongate nodes; in larger forms the basal rim is proportionally much narrower (Fig. 8.1, 8.4). Radial plate typically with prominent horizontally elongate node, but smaller circular to vertically elongate node may be present. Rays always with prominent ray ridges formed by vertically coalesced ridges. Regular interradial plates with or without circular node. In addition to nodes and ridges noted above, plates coarsely pustulose at high magnification. Basal circlet low, 5–17% of calyx height (mean=9.5%), very shallow basal concavity for proximal columnal. Basal plates three, equal in size, sculpture as noted above. Radial circlet 6–11% of calyx height (mean=7.7%); radial plates five, hexagonal or hepta- gonal, 4.8–10.3 times as wide as high (mean=6.7); sculpture as noted above; may be higher marginally than medially.


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