1180


Journal of Paleontology 91(6):1178–1198


1–4, whereas the carbonate-dominated Facies Association includes Facies 5–8. Facies 1 consists of coarsening-upward cycles of inter-


bedded greenish-gray silty shale and erosionally based, very fine- to medium-grained sandstone and sandy dolomite. This


facies forms a discrete package in the uppermost part of the Upper Shale Member. It records deposition in the upper offshore, reflecting the alternation of suspension fallout during fair-weather times and storm deposition. Facies 2 consists of parallel-laminated, greenish-gray silty shale with mm-scale lenses and laterally discontinuous laminae of erosionally based, very fine-grained sandstone. This facies comprises most of the Upper Shale Member. It records deposition immediately above storm wave base, in the lower offshore. Facies 3 is characterized by parallel-laminated to massive, dark-gray shale and thinly bedded shale-siltstone alternations. This facies is present in the uppermost interval of the Lower Shale Member and the lower- most interval of the Upper Shale Member. It records deposition immediately below storm wave base in the proximal shelf. Facies 4 is characterized by laterally extensive, dark-gray par- allel-laminated and massive shale. This facies constitutes most of the Lower Shale Member. It reflects deposition from sus- pension fallout in the distal shelf. Facies 5 consists of laterally continuous, gray-to-blue


dolomite with desiccation cracks, peloids, and fenestral struc- tures. This facies comprises most of the Lower and Upper Dolomite members, and records deposition in the upper inter- tidal to supratidal zones. Facies 6 is characterized by well- bedded to massive, gray-to-blue, moderately sorted peloidal and intraclastic dolo-grainstone. This facies is present in the Middle Dolomite Member and records deposition in the intertidal to shallow subtidal zones. Facies 7 consists of parallel-laminated,


current-rippled and low-angle cross-laminated limestone (packstone and wackestone) and intercalated dark-gray massive calcareous shale and silty shale. This facies occurs in the low- ermost interval of the Lower Shale Member and records deposition in a shallow low-energy subtidal setting. Facies 8 consists of black phosphatic limestone with diverse SSF assemblages, this facies is absent in the Garmab section. The carbonate-dominated facies association represents


deposition in very shallow water (shallow subtidal to peritidal), whereas the siliciclastic-dominated facies association mostly comprises deposition below storm wave base (i.e., shelf), and immediately above storm wave base (i.e., lower and upper offshore) (see environmental subdivisions in Buatois and Mángano, 2011).


Materials and methods


Repository and institutional abbreviation.—The trace fossils described herein were all collected in the Garmab section, Soltanieh Formation, northern Iran. Ichnotaxa are listed alpha- betically. Specimens are housed at the Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, Canada.


Systematic paleontology


Ichnogenus Cochlichnus Hitchcock, 1858 Cochlichnus anguineus Hitchcock, 1858 Figure 2.1


Materials.—Four slabs (P3309.1, P3311.15, P3311.17, P3311.19) containing four specimens.


Figure 2. Trace fossils from the Soltanieh Formation, Garmab section. (1) Cochlichnus anguineus from the Lower Shale Member (black arrows) (P3309.2) preserved as positive hyporelief; scale bar is 0.5 cm; (2) Curvolithus isp. from the Upper Shale Member (P3311.19) preserved as positive epirelief; scale bar is 0.25 cm; (3) Cruziana isp., from the Upper Shale Member (P3313.10) preserved as positive hyporelief; scale bar is 0.5 cm; (4) Didymaulichnus miettensis from the Upper Shale Member (P3313.8) preserved as positive hyporelief; scale bar is 1 cm; (5) Cruziana problematica from the Upper Shale Member (P3311.13) preserved as positive hyporelief; scale bar is 0.5 cm.


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