Pérez and del Río—Danian Carditidae from Argentina
massive coquinas, yield Claibornicardia paleopatagonica (Ihering, 1903), R. mariobrosorum n. sp., C. feruglioi, and Kalelia burmeisteri (Böhm, 1903). Associated with the carditids are the bivalves Glycymeris feruglioi Celeste, 1940, Ostrea neuquena Ihering, 1907, Panopea spp., and the gastropods Tejonia tapiae (Feruglio, 1935), Priscofiscus cf. P. gracilis (Wilckens, 1905), Sulcobuccinum prominentum del Río, 2012, and Austrophaera patagonica (Feruglio, 1936) (del Río, 2012). The Salamanca Formation exposed in the surroundings of
Sierra de los Guanacos (Fig. 1.1) consists of an intercalation of siltstones, sandstones and coquinas with a poorly diversified fauna (Chebli and Serraioto, 1974) with abundant representa- tives of C. paleopatagonica associated with the bivalves Nucula pervicax Feruglio, 1936, Ostrea neuquena, Bathytormus chubutensis (Feruglio, 1936), and the gastropods ‘Turritella’ ameghinoi Ihering, 1903, Darwinices claudiae Griffin and Pastorino, 2013, Pseudamaura dubia (Petersen, 1946), ‘Cominella iheringi’ Feruglio, 1936, Austrophaera patagonica (Feruglio, 1936), Gyroscala daniana del Río, 2012, Turritella malaspina Ihering, 1903 (del Río and Martínez, 2015).
San Jorge Basin.—The studied material was recorded by C. Ameghino from Río Chico, in an area supposedly situated 50km south of Puesto Alvarez (Fig. 2.10) (Chubut Province). This section was assigned to the Salamanca Formation and consists of an intercalation of gray or yellow calcareous sand- stones with siltstones and whitish coquinas. The species K. burmeisteri is associated with the bivalves Glycymeris feruglioi, Panopea thomasi Ihering, 1914, and the gastropods Turritella aff. T. soaresana Hartt in White, 1887, Polinices sp., Arrhoges sp. and Cimomia camachoi Masiuk, 1967.
Materials and methods
Measurements of carditid shells include lenght and height and follows Heaslip (1968). Specimens were whitened using magne- sium oxide before photography. Repositories are listed below.
Repositories and institutional abbreviations.—MACN-Pi and CIRGEO-PI, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernar- dino Rivadavia,’ División Paleoinvertebrados, Buenos Aires; CPBA, Cátedra de Paleontología of the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; MLP, Museo de La Plata, La Plata; GHUNLPam, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales of Universidad de La Pampa, Santa Rosa; MHNSR. Pi, Museo de Historia Natural of San Rafael, San Rafael; SGN, Servicio Geológico Minero of Argentina, Buenos Aires; MNHM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris, France; GMNH, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève, Switzerland.
Systematic paleontology
Morphological terminology agrees with Heaslip (1968), who described the tripartite (=‘fasciculate’ for Maxwell, 1969) sculpture as radiating costae with a central rib flanked by para- costal ones on each side (Heaslip, 1968, text-fig. 4.D), and used the term ‘funginated’ for the closely placed flaring scales, resembling bracket fungi, placed on central ribs of Rotundicardia Heaslip, 1968.
1151 Terms such as ‘planicostates’ and ‘alticostates’ will be used
with the phylogenetical meaning proposed by Gardner and Bowles (1939) and Heaslip (1968), who properly described and illustrated them. Planicostates include a lineage of carditid bivalves with large shells, flat and smooth radial ribs, and long cardinal teeth, and alticostates refer to species with small valves, tripartited and sculptured radial ribs, and short cardinal teeth.
Order Archiheterodonta Giribet, 2008 Family Carditidae Férussac, 1822
Remarks.—The systematics of carditids is complex because there is no consensus about the distinction among genera and subgenera. On one hand, for some authors, the family includes a few genera (Venericardia Lamarck, 1801 and Cardita Bruguière, 1792) with a large number of subgenera (e.g., Megacardita Sacco, 1899; Venericor Stewart, 1930; or Claibornicardia Stenzel and Krause, 1957). Other authors treat some of these subgenera as genera (for a comparison, see Sacco, 1899; Dall, 1903; Chavan, 1969; Moore, 1992; McClure and Lockwood, 2015). The use of subgenera implies close phylo- genetic relationships, most of which are poorly understood at present. Therefore, until a complete quantitative phylogenetic study of the family is performed, we consider all carditid genera or subgenera previously proposed to have generic status, thereby discarding all phylogenetic inferences. McClure and Lockwood (2015) proposed that Claibornicardia and Rotundicardia are possible paraphyletic genera based on a phylogenetic study of some GCP carditid species. Because they included relatively few species of both taxa in their analysis, we prefer to keep the monophyletic status until a complete revision is performed. Chavan (1969) outlined a subfamiliar classification for the
Carditidae on the basis of taxonomic criteria. He recognized seven subfamilies, six newly introduced by him: Carditinae, Carditamerinae, Miodomeridinae, Palaeocarditinae, Venericar- diinae, Carditesinae, and the previously proposed Thecaliinae Dall, 1903, based mainly on shell shape and hinge morphology. Members of the planicostates and alticostates were indistinc- tively included in Carditamerinae, Venericardiinae, or Cardite- sinae by Chavan (1969). In this paper, we reject the subfamiliar classification proposed by Chavan (1969) because his scheme ignored the phylogenetic proposals of other authors (Gardner and Bowles, 1939; Heaslip, 1968), as indicated by the analysis of Pérez and del Río (2016), and prefer these proposals instead.
Genus Claibornicardia Stenzel and Krause, 1957
Type species.—Cardita alticostata Conrad, 1833 (by original designation). Gosport Sand, McBean and Black Mingo formations, early–middle Eocene of Alabama, United States of America (USA).
Diagnosis.—Carditid with a highly convex shell and an elongated subrectangular outline, posterior area defined by a change in the convexity. Ventral margin of right hinge sinuous. Right anterior tooth thin dorsally or anteriorlly placed to the anterior socket for the left anterior tooth, left anterior tooth broad and triangular. External sculpture of 28–33 tripartite
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186 |
Page 187 |
Page 188 |
Page 189 |
Page 190 |
Page 191 |
Page 192 |
Page 193 |
Page 194 |
Page 195 |
Page 196 |
Page 197 |
Page 198 |
Page 199 |
Page 200 |
Page 201 |
Page 202 |
Page 203 |
Page 204 |
Page 205 |
Page 206 |
Page 207 |
Page 208 |
Page 209 |
Page 210 |
Page 211 |
Page 212 |
Page 213 |
Page 214 |
Page 215 |
Page 216 |
Page 217 |
Page 218 |
Page 219 |
Page 220 |
Page 221 |
Page 222 |
Page 223 |
Page 224 |
Page 225 |
Page 226 |
Page 227 |
Page 228 |
Page 229 |
Page 230 |
Page 231 |
Page 232 |
Page 233 |
Page 234 |
Page 235 |
Page 236 |
Page 237 |
Page 238 |
Page 239 |
Page 240 |
Page 241 |
Page 242 |
Page 243 |
Page 244 |
Page 245 |
Page 246 |
Page 247 |
Page 248 |
Page 249 |
Page 250 |
Page 251 |
Page 252 |
Page 253 |
Page 254 |
Page 255 |
Page 256 |
Page 257 |
Page 258 |
Page 259 |
Page 260 |
Page 261 |
Page 262 |
Page 263 |
Page 264 |
Page 265 |
Page 266 |
Page 267 |
Page 268 |
Page 269 |
Page 270 |
Page 271 |
Page 272 |
Page 273 |
Page 274 |
Page 275 |
Page 276
