Yuan et al.—Permian conodont taxonomy and biostratigraphy in South China


midlength, or one side is convex, the other one straight or less convex. Free blade very long, only with very narrow platform rudiments. Platform surfaces with microreticulation except the smooth adcarinal furrows. Carina straight, at its posterior end sometimes a little bent,


exceptionally also bifurcated. It ends at, or a little before, the platform end. Therefore, the platform brim behind the carina is either very narrow or missing. The 12–15 denticles on the free blade are long and highly fused. The posterior part of the carina is considerably lower; here the denticles in adult forms are mostly totally fused to a humpy or smooth line. The “keel” is broad, flat, in adult forms with numerous


distinct longitudinal stripes. Basal filling often preserved. Pit elongate, subterminal. Around the pit the “keel” is distinctly elevated (Gullo and Kozur, 1992, p. 217).


Emended diagnosis.—A species of Clarkina characterized by a P1 element with a wide and nearly symmetric platform whose widest point is in the middle part, and narrowing gradually posteriorly and anteriorly, but narrowing sharply in the anterior 1/3. Posterior end is squared or obliquely squared. Cusp is erect, terminal, small, and around same size as the posteriormost denticle. Denticles increase gradually in height anteriorly and become more fused in gerontic individuals. There is a small gap between the cusp and the posteriormost denticle in a few spe- cimens, but not obvious in typical forms. A very narrow brim is behind the cusp in most specimens. Furrows are narrow to moderate, and shallow. Carina deflects towards inner side in the posterior end in a few gerontic individuals.


Remarks.—Clarkina transcaucasica is extremely difficult to differentiate from C. guangyuanensis based on just a single specimen. It is also very similar to C. liangshanensis in view of its characters of the carina, except for the squared posterior end of the platform. Therefore, all three of these species are difficult to distinguish in some samples, and their relationship needs to be re-evaluated based on studies of large populations. Gen- erally, C. transcaucasica differs from C. guangyuanensis by a small cusp and no gap between cusp and posterior denticle, and from C. liangshanensis by its squared (truncated) posterior margin of the platform and more obvious carina in the posterior (Shen and Mei, 2010; Yuan et al., 2014b).


Clarkina longicuspidata Mei and Wardlaw in Mei et al., 1994a Figs. 7.14–7.27


1987


?1993 Neogondolella subcarinata; Wang, pl. 51, fig. 19. 1994a Clarkina longicuspidata Mei and Wardlaw in Mei et al., p. 136, pl. 2, figs. 7–9.


2003 Clarkina longicuspidata; Wang and Henderson, figs. 11–13.


2006 Clarkina longicuspidata;Wang et al., figs. 11–13.


Neogondolella orientalis; Nestell and Wardlaw, pl. 5, figs. 1, 2, 5.


1215


Holotype.—NIGP121717, from the Wuchiaping Formation, Sichuan Province, China (Mei et al., 1994a, pl. 2, fig. 7).


Remarks.—The range of this species is unclear, but its diagnosis and distinction were discussed in detail in Mei et al. (2004) and Yuan et al. (2014a).


Clarkina orientalis (Barskov and Koroleva, 1970) Figure 8.1–8.31


1970 1973


1981 1981 1981 1987


1987 1988


1989 1990


1993 1993


Gondolella orientalis Barskov and Koroleva, p. 933, figs. 1a–c.


Neogondolella orientalis;Teichert et al., pl. 13,figs. 4–11.


Neogondolella orientalis; Wang and Wang, pl. 1, figs. 16, 17.


Neogondolella orientalis; Wang and Wang in Zhao et al., pl. 5, figs. 12–14, 17, 18.


Neogondolella orientalis mediconstricta Wang and Wang in Zhao et al., pl. 6, figs. 12, 13. Gondolella orientalis; Zhang, pl. 1, fig. 20. Neogondolella orientalis; Duan, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7.


Neogondolella latimarginata Clark and Wang, figs. 3.20–3.23.


Neogondolella orientalis; Dai and Zhang in Li et al., p. 231, pl. 43, figs. 19, 20.


Neogondolella orientalis; Duan, pl. 2, figs. 11, 16. Neogondolella latimarginata; Wang, pl. 51, fig. 18.


1993b Neogondolella parallela Tian, pl. 1, figs. 7, 9. 1993b Neogondolella orientalis; Tian, pl. 1, figs. 8, 10. 1994a Clarkina orientalis; Mei et al., p. 136, pl. 1, figs. 2, 4, 8; pl. 2, figs. 15, 17, 22.


Neogondolella cf. latimarginata; Wang, pl. 52, figs. 13, 14.


?1994a Clarkina demicornis Mei and Wardlaw in Mei et al., pl. 2, figs. 4–6.


1994c Clarkina orientalis; Mei et al., pl. 3, fig. 15. 1994


1995 1995


1998a


Clarkina orientalis; Kozur, pl. 5, fig. 5. Clarkina mediconstricta; Kozur, pl. 5, fig. 6.


1998b Clarkina orientalis; Mei et al., pl. 3, fig. F. 2003 2004 2006


Clarkina orientalis; Mei et al., fig. 4p.


2006 2007


2010 2012


2004 Clarkina longicuspidata; Mei et al., p. 117, figs. 3a1– 3b2, 4a1–4o2, 5a1–5h2, 6a1–6n.


2014a Clarkina longicuspidata; Yuan et al., p. 235, pl. 2, figs. 18–29.


2014a Clarkina orientalis; Wang et al., fig. 4.14.


Neogondolella ex. gr. orientalis; Orchard et al., pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.


?1998a Clarkina orientalis; Mei et al., pl. 10, figs. 11, 18. 1998a


Clarkina orientalis; Mei et al., pl. 10, figs. 10, 16, 17. Clarkina demicornis; Mei et al., pl. 10, fig. 15. Clarkina orientalis; Wang and Henderson, fig. 14.


Clarkina orientalis;Nafi et al., pl. 4, figs. 1, 2, pl. 5, fig. 22.


Clarkina orientalis; Shen, figs. 1.1–1.12, 2.1–2.17, 3.1–3.13.


Clarkina orientalis; Fang et al., fig. 3.17. 2014b Clarkina orientalis; Yuan et al., figs. 3U–3X. Clarkina orientalis; Yuan et al., pl. 1, figs. 11–20.


Holotype.—From the Dzhulfian, USSR (Barskov and Koroleva, 1970, fig. 1).


Clarkina orientalis; Shen and Mei, p. 155, figs. 6.1a– 6.11b.


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