Criscione and Grimaldi—Earliest Belostomatid fossils from Triassic North Carolina


1996). The deposit is also depleted in zirconium. Ayers and Zhang (2005) have demonstrated that this element dissolves in alkaline conditions. These three geochemical conditions support a saline, alkaline environment during the time of deposition. Although most fossil belostomatids have been reported


from shallow, non-saline, lacustrine environments, Polhemus (2000) reported fossils from a saline environment, the Jurassic Todilto Formation of New Mexico. This formation is interpreted as a paralic, saline playa due to its interfingered marine and continental sediments (Lucas et al., 2000). Although this interpretation is somewhat controversial, the water chemistry in this type of environment may have been similar to that proposed by Liutkus et al. (2010) for the Cow Branch Formation. Vega et al. (2006) gave a second example of a potentially saline belostomatid habitat from the Early Cretac- eous Sierra Madre Formation of southeastern Mexico, which has been interpreted as a brackish marginal lagoon or estuary. Due to the wide environmental tolerances of both fossil and modern belostomatids, the dominance of terrestrial adult insects and lack of aquatic nymphs, the abundance of conchostracans, the exquisite preservation of the Solite fossils, and the geochemistry of the Cow Branch Formation, it is very likely that ‘Lake Solite’ was a shallow, saline, alkaline rift valley lake.


Acknowledgments


J.C. is grateful to the American Museum of Natural History Grants Program for the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Grant, which provided the funding necessary to visit and collect at the Solite deposit. J.C. is especially grateful to C. Byrd for hosting her visits to the Virginia Museum of Natural History and to R. Vodden (VMNH) for allowing her to participate in the fossil excavation at the Solite deposit. We are grateful for the thoughtful commentary on this manuscript provided by B.W. Smith and an anonymous reviewer. Financial research support for this project came from a Graduate Teaching Assistantship from the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University.


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