Yuan et al.—Permian conodont taxonomy and biostratigraphy in South China


Original diagnosis.—Symmetric or near symmetric platform conodont. Platform short and wide, about 2/3 of unit in length. At the middle of the platform margin it is so constrictive that it emerges “Guitarlike” in oral view. Posterior margin narrow and cusp small. Carina with 11–13 denticles. Aboral surface, keel is the 2/3 of platform width (Li et al., 1989, p. 228, 432).


Emended diagnosis.—A species of Clarkina characterized by a P1 element with a wide and nearly symmetric platform whose width is gradually increasing from posterior end to the widest point, which is in the anterior 1/3 of the element in most specimens, then sharply narrowing anteriorly, but the widest point is in the anterior 2/3 of element in some individuals. Posterior end is bluntly rounded to squarely rounded. Cusp is erect (adults) to slightly reclined (juveniles), terminal, and larger and higher than the posterior denticles. Denticles increase gradually in size and height anteriorly and become more fused in some senile specimens. A small gap is between the posteriormost denticle and the cusp or the second posterior denticle when the posteriormost denticle is closed or fused with the cusp. A narrow brim is behind the cusp in some individuals. Furrows are wide, but shallow. Upturned lateral margins are variable.


Remarks.—Clarkina guangyuanensis can be distinguished from C. leveni by a relatively wide and long platform, short sharply narrowing part in the anterior, and a small gap before cusp, and distinguished from C. asymmetrica by a wide and symmetric platform and more robust denticles. The diagnosis of a new species, Neogondolella paraleveni,


established by Dai and Zhang in Li et al. (1989) is the same as N. guangyuanensis (Clarkina guangyuanensis) except for outline of platform, and those two new species were established in one population. Thus, Neogondolella paraleveni is considered to be a synonym of N. guangyuanensis (=Clarkina guangyuanensis).


Clarkina liangshanensis (Wang, 1978) Figure 6.1–6.14


1978 1981


Neogondolella liangshanensis Wang, p. 221, pl. 2, figs. 1–5, 9–13, 16–19, 27–33.


?1993b Neogondolella liangshanensis; Tian, pl. 1, fig. 2. ?1993b Dicerogondolella mononica Tian, pl. 1, fig. 17.


1995 1996


?1998a Clarkina aff. liangshanensis; Mei et al., pl. 10, fig. 5. 1998a 2007 2010


1998a Clarkina liangshanensis; Shen, figs. 5.1–5.10.


Clarkina liangshanensis; Mei et al., pl. 7, fig. 7. Clarkina liangshanensis; Mei et al., pl. 10, figs. 8, 9.


2014b Clarkina liangshanensis; Yuan et al., figs. 3A–3T. 2015


Clarkina liangshanensis; Yuan et al., pl. 1, figs. 1–5. Clarkina liangshanensis; Kozur, pl. 5, fig. 2.


Neogondolella liangshanensis; Wang and Wang, pl. 1, figs. 1–3, 11, 12, 14, 15.


1994a Clarkina liangshanensis; Mei et al., p. 135, pl. 2, figs. 10–12.


Clarkina liangshanensis; Mei and Wardlaw, pl. 17.1, figs. 1–9.


1213


Holotype.—NIGP45448, from the Wuchiaping Formation, Shaanxi Province, China (Wang, 1978, pl. 2, figs. 28, 29).


Original diagnosis.—Platform wide, smooth without sculpture, posterior end rounded or nearly square, lateral margins nearly parallel, and sharply narrowing in the anterior 1/3. Denticles small, low and fused on the posterior and middle carina, cusp is not obvious. Keel wide and flat, loop end nearly square (Wang, 1978, p. 221 [in Chinese]).


Emended diagnosis.—A species of Clarkina characterized by a P1 element with a moderately wide, elongate, and tear-drop platform, which has a little twist in lateral view. The widest point of platform is in the middle, and it sharply narrows in the anterior 1/3 or 1/4 of the element. There is a small concavity in the posterior around 1/3 of inner margin in a few adult indivi- duals. Posterior end is rounded to nearly square in adult speci- mens. Cusp is very small or even indistinct, and around same size as, or even smaller than, the posteriormost denticle. Denti- cles are small and slightly increasing in height and more fused anteriorly. Carina is very low in most specimens, and has a downfold in the posterior part. It extends to the posterior end of platform in many individuals. Some specimens have a narrow brim behind the cusp if carina does not extend to posterior end of platform. Furrows are narrow and very shallow.


Remarks.—Clarkina liangshanensis is easily found and identi- fied in the middle-upper part of the Wuchiapingian Stage in


South China. It can be distinguished from C. orientalis by a relatively long platform, extended carina with posteriorly gradually decreasing denticles, and no or very narrow brim. Dicerogondolella mononica, established by Tian (1993b),


has a very small cusp, very low carina, extended carina, and very narrow brim, but a variable outline of the platform. It may be a gerontic specimen of Clarkina liangshanensis.


Clarkina transcaucasica Gullo and Kozur, 1992 Figure 7.1–7.13


1975 Gondolella orientalis; Kozur, pl. 2, figs. 5–8. 1992 Clarkina orientalis transcaucasica Gullo and Kozur, p. 217.


1994a Clarkina transcaucasica; Mei et al., p. 137, pl. 1, figs. 5, 14.


1995 Clarkina transcaucasica; Kozur, pl. 5, fig. 4. 1998a Clarkina transcaucasica; Mei et al., pl. 10, fig.7. 2010 Clarkina transcaucasica; Shen and Mei, p.155. ?2017 Clarkina transcaucasica; Sun et al., pl. 5, fig. 15.


Holotype.—PK1–13, from the Dzhulfian, Achura, Azerbaijan (Kozur, 1975, pl. 2, fig. 6).


Clarkina liangshanensis; Shen and Mei, p. 155, figs. 5.8a–5.17b.


Original diagnosis.—Platform very broad. Posterior platform end broad, blunt, mostly with rounded corners, often somewhat oblique, sometimes broadly rounded. Platform widest at about midlength; in front of its widest part, the platform becomes suddenly narrow, but its height drops gradually. Platform out- line asymmetrical; one side is convex to straight, the other side displays mostly a slight to distinct constriction behind the


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