Journal of Paleontology, 91(6), 2017, p. 1148–1165 Copyright © 2017, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/17/0088-0906 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2017.69
The family Carditidae (Bivalvia) in the early Danian of Patagonia (Argentina)
Damián E. Pérez and Claudia J. del Río Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, División Paleoinvertebrados, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470 (C1405DJR), Buenos Aires, Argentina. ⟨
trophon@gmail.com⟩; ⟨
claudiajdelrio@gmail.com⟩
Abstract.—The first systematic analysis of the Danian carditids of Patagonia is presented, which includes four genera—one new genus and the first records of three other genera in South America. They consist of Claibornicardia paleopatagonica (Ihering, 1903), a widely distributed species occuring in the Jagüel, Roca and Salamanca formations (Neuquén, Río Negro and Chubut Provinces); Rotundicardia Heaslip, 1968, represented by the new species R. mariobrosorum n. sp., whichisrestricted tothe Roca Formation(RíoNegro Province); Cardites feruglioi (Petersen, 1846) (Roca and Lefipán formations, Río Negro and Chubut Provinces); and by Kalelia new genus, which includes K. burmeisteri (Böhm, 1903) from the Salamanca and Roca formations (Río Negro and Chubut Provinces), which is rela- ted to the Paris Basin species K. multicostata (Lamarck, 1806) n. comb. and K. pectuncularis (Lamarck, 1806) n. comb. ‘Venericardia’ iheringi (Böhm, 1903), a species known only from internal molds, is described and regarded as a carditid with uncertain affinities. The presence of Claibornicardia, Rotundicardia,and Cardites in Patagonia constitutes the most ancient record of these genera and confirms biogeographical connections previously established between the Danian Argentinian and North American/European fossil faunas.
Introduction
The family Carditidae Férussac, 1822 comprises a large group of heterodont bivalves worldwide, ranging from Devonian to modern times (Chavan, 1969), becoming a highly diversified group in the Eocene of the Gulf Coastal Plain (GCP) of the U.S.A. (Gardner and Bowles, 1939; Heaslip, 1968), and the Paris Basin(Cossmann andPissarro, 1904; Cossmann andPeyrot, 1912). The Carditidae are placed in the recently defined clade Archiheterodonta, the sister group of true heterodont bivalves (Euheterodonta) (Giribet, 2008). The carditids constitute an important component of this group, in which systematic and phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood (Giribet, 2008; González andGiribet, 2014). The generic placement of carditids is complicated. For example, the genus Venericardia Lamarck, 1801 is a highly diversified taxon represented by more than 50 recent and several fossil species included in numerous subgenera. The assignments of recent species to this genus is uncertain and many of these assignments, both fossil and recent, were never reviewed. Therefore, the generic diversity of carditids is underestimated (Huber, 2010). Only a fewspecies of Paleocene carditids have been recorded
in theBassin deBrive and Sables deBracheux (France;Cossmann and Pisarro, 1904; Lhomme and Freneix, 1993), in theWangaloa Formation (New Zealand; Beu and Maxwell, 1990; Stilwell, 2003), in the Pebble Point Formation (Australia; Darragh, 1994), in the Kincaid, Lodo, and Clayton formations (USA; Gardner, 1935; Moore, 1992; Cope et al., 2005), and in the Soldado Formation (Trinidad and Tobago; Rutsch, 1943).
Although an abundant and greatly diversified group in
Patagonia, Cenozoic carditids, and particularly those of Danian age, remain almost completely unstudied. Initial work was conducted by Burckhardt (1900, 1902) who, based on internal casts, recognized the presence of the Brazilian Paleocene species Cardita morganiana Rathbun, 1875 in the southern latitudes of Patagonia. Subsequent studies carried out by Böhm (1903), Ihering (1903, 1907), Feruglio (1936), Petersen (1946), and Masiuk (1967) increased the number of Danian species endemic to Patagonia to four, all of which were included in the Eocene European genus Venericardia. More recently, and without any justification for the generic placement, the genus Glyptoactis Stewart, 1930 was proposed by Rodríguez et al. (1995) for material from the Coli Toro Plateau area (Río Negro Province). Scasso et al. (2012) mentioned carditids from the Lefipán Formation (Chubut Province), placing them in the genus Pacificor Verastegui, 1953. A systematic revision of these species has not been carried out, so the relationships of this carditid fauna have remained poorly known. Carditids recently collected in new localities allow the first
systematic revision of the group in Patagonia. This is essential for a better understanding of the evolution of the family Carditidae and contributes to increasing the knowledge of the composition of the Danian assemblages of the southern hemisphere.
Geological setting
Carditids included in the present analysis were recovered from the Danian marine rocks of the Neuquina, Cañadón Asfalto and
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