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vertical and horizontal individualism-collectivism helps to explain the differences within individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Due to time constraints this dimension was not tested in this study.
The use of students as sampling units can also be seen as a limitation. Results may differ if a sample was drawn from student as well as non- student populations. Lastly lack of a random sample frame makes the generalisation of the results impossible.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
An association between the degree of individualism-collectivism in a society and its degree of modernity is suggested by Triandis (1994). Culture is dynamic and changes with socio-economic factors. Hofstede's indices should be retested and updated. Furthermore, individualism- collectivism is a dimension of culture at both the societal and organizational levels, although most of the research has focused on societal or national culture. More research is needed on how culture manifests in individuals. Previous literature has found gender to be a strong predictor of online concern. Therefore future researchers should pay more attention to the association of gender and cultural orientation at individual level.
Lastly, the relatively homogeneous sample of the study could not have captured the full continuum of each of the cultural dimensions. This study should be replicated in non-student sample groups and compared with the results obtained in student samples. The cultural value scale used in this study has been validated in non-student samples and more studies should focus on these samples.
(This work is based on research supported by South African National Research Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are that of the authors and the NRF does not accept any liability in the regard.)
ARE THERE CULTURAL ORIENTATION DIFFERENCES IN TERMS OF ONLINE INFORMATION PRIVACY? 1072