Melchin et al.—Llandovery retiolitine graptolites from Arctic Canada


11. ancora sleeve– 0: absent; 1: present. 12. sicula length – 0: short, < 1.5mm; 1 – long, 2mmor more. 13. list ornamentation – 0: finely striated/smooth; 1: parallel ridges; 2: pustules.


14. stomata – 0: absent; 1: present (coded as “–” where there is no ancora sleeve).


15. ancora sleeve list density – 0: few lists; 1: many lists (coded as “–” where there is no ancora sleeve).


16. apertural lip processes – 0: absent; 1: present. 17. lateral aperture rod – 0: absent; 1: present. 18. pleural lists – 0: absent; 1: present. 19. tubarium shape – 0: widening rapidly; 1: sub-parallel. 20. tubarium width – 0: wide; 1: narrow (2 mm or less).


Documentation of the character states for each of the taxa described in this study are found in the descriptions, remarks and illustrations for each taxon. For those taxa not described in this study the sources of morphological information are as follows:


Pseudorthograptus obuti: Rickards and Koren’ (1974): Štorch (1985); Koren’ and Rickards (1996). Pseudorthograptus inopinatus: Koren’ and Rickards (1996); Melchin (1998); this study (Fig. 4); authors’ unpublished data. Hercograptus introversus: Melchin (1999). Stomatograptus canadensis: Lenz and Melchin (1987a, specimens identified as Stomatograptus sp.); Bates and Kirk (1997, specimens identified as Stomatograptus sp.); Lenz and Thorsteinsson (1997, specimens identified as Stomatograptus sp.); Lenz and Kozłowska (2007).


Retiolites geinitzianus: Obut and Zaslavskaya (1976); Lenz and Melchin (1987b, identified as Retiolites); Kozłowska-Dawidziuk (1995).


Paraplectograptus eiseli: Lenz and Melchin (1987a); Lenz (1993);Kozłowska-Dawidziuk (1995); Lenz et al. (2012).


145


Sokolovograptus textor: Lenz and Melchin (1987a); Lenz (1993);Kozłowska-Dawidziuk (1995); Lenz et al. (2012).


Appendix 3. Character state changes at nodes in cladogram


The following is a listing of the numbered nodes and terminal taxa on the cladogram (Fig. 5.1) and the character state changes that occur at each node or taxon (e.g. 31 = character 3 changes to state 1; h = homoplasy; r = reversal; ? = uncertain).


Node 0: 91,101,160,171,181? Node 1: 31,61,120,141?, 181? Node 2: 51,82,141?, 181? Node 3: 32,191?, 201? Node 4: 21,52,83,100r Node 5: 12,191h?, 201h? Node 6: 31r, 41h, 90h Node 7: 71?, 140h, 150,191h?, 201h? Node 8: 41h?, 71?, 81 Node 9: 11h, 42?, 110h Node 10: 42?, 131,170r, 180r Node 11: 90h Node 12: 11h Node 13: 43,132 Pseudoretiolites perlatus:41h Pseudoretiolites hyrichus:191h, 201h Pseudoplegmatograptus obesus:161h Retiolites geinitzianus:140r Aeroretiolites cancellatus:41h? Rotaretiolites cf. exutus:161h Eorograptus spirifer:110h Sokolovograptus textor:60r, 72,121r


Accepted 23 March 2016


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