114
Journal of Paleontology 91(1):100–115 Structures interpreted to be oostegites are present on spe-
cimens of Yunnanocopia grandis (Fig. 4.1, 4.2). Although specimens of extant, gravid Eucopia could not be located in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution, representatives of Mysis stenolepis Smith, 1873, were available. One specimen, USNM 89733, exhibits a fully distended marsupium, in which eggs were visible (Fig. 12.3). Mysis Latreille, 1802, is the type genus of Mysidae, and that family is characterized by species bearing a reduced number of oostegites, generally three. Another M. stenolepis, USNM89732, bore a marsupium, but it was tucked beneath the thorax (Fig. 12.4). Additionally, within the Lophogastrida, a specimen of Lophogaster challenger Fage, 1942, USNM 235398, (Fig. 12.6) carries a marsupium bearing more than three oostegites, as would be anticipated in species within Eucopiidae.
Paleoecological implications
Extant lophogastrids are marine pelagic organisms that are lar- gely confined to habitats below 200m (Wittmann et al., 2014). Studies summarized therein documented species of Eucopia Dana, 1852, at depths greater than 2000 m. The fragile carapace and pleon of specimens of Eucopia spp. may suggest adaptation to great depth (Fig. 12.2, 12.5). Thus, although some Mysida occupy marine environments from tide pools to abyssal depths (Wittmann et al., 2014, and references therein), the lophogas- trids currently are not known to inhabit epipelagic settings. Although species of Yunnanocopia in all probability did not inhabit bathyal depths, it may be inferred that they did not occupy the surface plankton but, instead, swarmed over mid- depth to bottom-water areas. Taylor et al. (2001, p. 310) referred to the mysidaceans, including lophogastrids, as preferring benthic habitats; but, current literature referred to above docu- ments a pelagic lifestyle. It is of note that Yunnanocopia is represented by two and
possibly a third species. This is not unusual for eucopiids. Deep- water trawls in the mid-Atlantic frequently sample three species of Eucopia: E. grimaldii, E. sculpticauda, and E. unguiculata (personal communication, K. Meland, 2015). Thus, the dis- covery of two or three species of eucopiids in the Luoping Biota suggests that grouping of species is a behavior that has persisted since their early history.
Acknowledgments
Specimens forming the basis for the study were collected with the support of NSF OISE-1126137 to Feldmann and Schweit- zer, National Geographic Society Grant 9128-12 to Feldmann, and China Geological Survey grants 121201114068001 and 1212011140051 to Hu and colleagues at Chengdu. Access to the spirit collections and facilitation of a loan of specimens for the research were provided by R. Lemaitre and K. Reed, United States National Museum, Smithsonian Support Center. Careful reviews by K. Meland, University of Bergen, Norway, and an anonymous reviewer substantially improved the manuscript. Associate Editor B. Pratt, University of Saskatchewan, also offered numerous constructive comments.
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