art 2 examines household behavior in human capital formation using micro panel data. Chapter 4 analyzes the formation of human capital from early-childhood nutrition intake to schooling investments and out- comes. Chapter 5 examines adolescents’ transition from school to the labor market, with a particular focus on the effect of prime-age adult mortality shocks on their behavior. This chapter also provides evidence of increased prime-age mortality, which implies that the expected returns to human capi- tal investments are being altered in South Africa.