INDEX 133
Families: backgrounds of students, 7; foster children of, 21; marriage behavior, 89n; sibling inequality in, 68, 82. See also Households; Parents
Fathers, deaths of, 99, 102n, 104–5, 106, 109, 111. See also Parents
Fees. See School fees Filmer, D., 98t, 99
Gender differences: in adolescent transitions to labor market, 91, 104, 107, 109, 110; in excess mortality, 88, 93; in grade repeti- tion, 83, 84t, 87; in grades completed, 87; in prime-age adult mortality rates, 92f, 93, 93n, 99, 102n, 111. See also Women Geography. See Locations of schools Grade repetition rates: by age, 75, 75t; by gender, 83, 84t, 87; height-for-age z-scores and, 83, 84t, 85–86, 86t, 87; labor market transitions and, 19n; learner-educator ratios and, 18n Grades completed. See Educational attainment
Health capital: definition of, 68n; economic returns of, 68; interaction with education in human capital formation, 67–68, 70–73; labor market returns of, 86; learning performance and, 70, 82–83, 113. See also Human capital; Nutrition in early childhood
Healthcare personnel availability, 71–72, 73, 74t
Height-for-age z-scores: ages of starting school and, 78–80, 79t, 80n; data sources for, 73; educational outcomes and, 69–70, 73, 74t, 87; grade repetition and, 83, 84t, 85–86, 86t, 87; grades completed and, 80–83, 81t, 85–86, 86t; healthcare and, 72; mathematics test scores and, 83–84, 85t; outcomes in later schooling years and, 84–87
High schools. See Secondary schools HIV/AIDS: in Africa, 88, 89; human capital for- mation disrupted by, 111–12, 113; marriage behavior changes and, 89n; prime-age adult mortality rates from, 11, 88, 89, 90n, 101; in South Africa, 89, 96
HOA. See House of Assembly HOD. See House of Delegates HOR. See House of Representatives Household decisions on human capital invest- ments: analysis of, 10–11; in early child- hood, 67; health capital and, 70–73; market forces and, 67–68; by parents, 68, 82; sib- ling inequality minimized by, 82
Households: constraints on mobility of, 45–46; employment status of members of, 102; responses to prime-age adult mortality of, 88, 90, 93; risk mitigation strategies of, 89, 90; time allocation changes in, 89, 90, 101 House of Assembly (HOA), 24, 53, 58t, 60 House of Delegates (HOD), 25, 53, 58t, 60 House of Representatives (HOR), 25, 53, 58t Human capital: definition of, 1; development of, 67; equity improvements and, 1, 3–4; formation of, 1, 3–4, 113; institutional constraints on formation of, 9; sibling inequality in, 68, 82. See also Education; Health capital
Human capital accumulation: economic growth and, 1–2; externalities of, 3; incomes and, 1, 3; model of, 69, 70–73, 119–23
Human capital investments: in early child- hood, 67; equity in, 1; household decisions on, 10–11, 67–68, 70–73, 82; responses to adult mortality in household, 88; scholar- ship on, 67; social returns to, 3; time input in, 4
Human capital production function, 67–68 Income inequality, 1, 3–4, 49
Incomes: human capital formation and, 1, 3; mobility of, 63; returns to education, 6, 7, 8–9t; school fee levels and, 56, 58t, 60; sibling inequality in future, 68, 82. See also Poverty
Indians/Asians, 53; government agencies supervising schools of, 25, 52, 53, 60; resi- dential segregation of, 54, 55t; returns to education of, 7, 8t, 114; segregated schools of, 2–3. See also Population groups Inheritance taxes, 3n
Jayne, T., 97–99, 98t
KIDS. See KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study
Kingdon, G., 4 Knight, J., 4
Koda, G., 97–99, 98t
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education: Norms and Standards database of, 52; school finance data of, 11, 46, 61 KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS), 11–12, 69, 73, 90, 91, 102
Labor force participation: age ranges of, 105; of women, 96. See also Labor markets, adolescent transitions to; Unemployment
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