ANTI-ACNE
sebum content. However, the fullerene gel did not cause any decrease in the skin’s barrier function or moisture level. Therefore, the results demonstrated that fullerene is a suitable agent for treating acne vulgaris while maintaining skin barrier functions. The hypersecretion of sebum from
sebaceous follicles is one of the most important factors relating to acne. This process leads to the formation of microcomedos, and the follicular hyperproliferation of microcomedos causes inflammation. It was revealed that fullerene had a suppressive effect on sebum secretion by Inui et al.1
6 5 4 3 2 Sebum
production in hamster sebocytes was quantified based on Oil Red O staining. The cells were administered with or without the water-soluble fullerene, and then the sebum production was measured. Sebum production was significantly decreased in the water-soluble fullerene- pretreated cells compared with the non-pretreated cells (Fig. 7). Yudoh et al. reported that fullerene had
a suppressive effect on proinflammatory cytokines.15
We also confirmed that
fullerene had an anti-inflammatory effect on COX-2 and IL-8 (unpublished data). In addition to its antioxidant effects and the suppression of sebum production, fullerene’s anti-inflammatory activity might have contributed to the improvement of acne vulgaris.
Conclusion Previous studies and our investigation reported here revealed fullerene to be an excellent antioxidant and a safe material for the suppression of acne vulgaris. This occurred by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation as a result of fullerene’s antioxidant activity and the suppression of
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
P<0.05 1 0 0 12 3 4 Time (weeks) Figure 6: Effect of fullerene gel on the number of acne lesions.1
sebum production without the production of any side effects. We believe that fullerene is potentially useful as a multi- functional active ingredient for the treatment of acne. McEwen et al., researchers at the
company, Dupont, described fullerene as a ‘radical sponge’.16
This radical scavenging
property is due to a large number of conjugated double bonds in the fullerene structure and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital having a low energy level. Thus, fullerene can easily take up electrons thereby attacking ROS. Due to this feature, fullerene is considered the most efficient radical scavenger in medical and cosmetic applications worldwide. On the basis of the above findings, we are convinced of the possibility of increasing the utilisation of fullerene in the field of life sciences.
PC
References 1 Inui S, Aoshima H, Nishiyama A, Itami S. Improvement of acne vulgaris by topical fullerene application: unique impact on skin care. Nanomedicine 2011; 7: 238–241.
2 Silverberg NB, Weinberg JM. Rosacea and adult acne: a worldwide epidemic. Cutis 2001; 68: 85.
3 Kurokawa I, Danby FW, Ju Q, Wang X, Xiang LF, Xia L, Chen W, Nagy I, Picardo M, Suh DH, Ganceviciene R, Schagen S, Tatsuou F, Zouboulis CC. New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis of acne and acne scarring. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18: 821-32.
4 Briganti S, Picardo M. Antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation and skin diseases. What’s new? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2003; 17: 663-9.
Radical Sponge (%) 0
10
Figure 7: Suppressive effect of sebum production in hamster sebocytes by Radical Sponge.1
5 Kroto HW, Heath JR, O’Brien SC, Curl RF, Smalley RE. C60: buckminsterfullerene. Nature 1985; 318: 162-3.
6 Krusic P, Wasserman E, Keizer PN, Morton JR, Preston KF. Radical reactions of C60. Science 1991; 254: 1183-85.
7 Mori T, Takada H, Ito S, Matsubayashi K, Miwa
N, Sawaguchi T. Preclinical studies on safety of fullerene upon acute oral administration and evaluation for no mutagenesis. Toxicology 2006; 225: 48–54.
8 Aoshima H, Saitoh Y, Ito S, Yamana S, Miwa N. Safety evaluation of highly purified fullerenes (HPFs): based on screening of eye and skin damages. J Toxicol Sci 2009; 34: 555-62.
9 Aoshima H, Yamana S, Nakamura, S, Mashino, T. Biological safety of water-soluble fullerenes evaluated by genotoxicity, phototoxicity studies, and pro-oxidant activity. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 35 (3): 401-9.
10 Kato S, Aoshima H, Saitoh Y, Miwa N. Biological safety of LipoFullerene composed of squalane and fullerene-C60 upon mutagenesis, photocytotoxicity, and the permeability into the human skin tissue. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 104: 483-7.
11 Xiao L, Matsubayashi K, Miwa N. Inhibitory effect of the water-soluble polymer-wrapped derivative of fullerene on UVA-induced melanogenesis via downregulation of tyrosinase expression in human melanocytes and skin tissues. Arch Dermatol Res 2007; 299: 245-57.
12 Kohno Y, Sakamoto O, Nakamura T, Miyazawa T. Determination of human skin surface lipid peroxides by chemiluminescence-HPLC. Yukagaku: J Jpn Oil Chem Soc 1993; 40: 715-8.
13 Ohkido M, Yoshino K, Matsuno I. Lipid peroxides of human skin. In: Bernstein JA, Seiji M eds. Current problems in dermatology: Biochemistry of normal and abnormal epidermal differentiation. Basel: Karger, 1980: 261-78.
14 Motoyoshi K. Enhanced comedo formation in rabbit ear skin by squalene and oleic acid peroxides. Br J Dermatol 1983; 109: 191-8.
15 Yudoh K, Karasawa R, Masuko K, Kato T. Water-soluble fullerene (C60) inhibits the development of arthritis in the rat model of arthritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2009; 4: 217-25.
16 McEwen CN, McKay RG, Larsen BS. C60 as a Radical Sponge. J Am Chem Soc 1992; 114: 4412-3.
March 2012 PERSONAL CARE 33 5 6 7 8
Comedones Inflammatory lesions (erythematous papules and pustules)
n=11, *P<0.05, * P<0.01, NS: not significant 0 5
NS *
15 NS * 10 20
Number of inflammatory lesions
Relative sebum production
Number of comedones
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