APPENDIX
million miles of pipeline, enough to go to the moon and back almost 100 times. These pipelines transport a variety of gases and liquids from the wells to refineries and processing plants, then on to storage areas, and finally to customers’ homes or businesses.
Pipeline operators work
closely with emergency re- sponse officials of the com- munities in which pipelines operate. They communicate through many venues—di- rect mail, face-to-face meet- ings, web training and DVDs. This interaction between the community and pipeline rep- resentatives helps establish important lines of communi- cation.
Pipelines in your Community
Responders and community officials must be aware of both transmission and distribution pipelines. In general, transmission pipelines tend to be larger in diameter and transport high volumes of natural gas and petroleum products. Smaller diameter pipelines distribute natural gas to homes and businesses.
Transmission and Distribution service
FIGURE A.3 Pipeline Awareness pamphlets and newsletters.
Across the country pipeline operators use a series of gathering, transmission, and distribution pipelines to move over 40 different gas and liquid products to end users.
Gathering pipelines transport crude oil and natural gas from the wellheads
to production processing facilities where the oil, gas, and water are separated and treated. Transmission pipelines carry refined liquid products, crude oil, and natu-
ral gas from refineries to marketing and distribution terminals, typically using larger diameter pipe with high-pressure lines. There are three product-specific types of transmission lines:
• Crude oil— Crude oil is petroleum taken directly out of the ground from both on-shore and off-shore production facilities. Crude oil may
also have concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is a toxic sub- stance. This product is commonly referred to as “sour crude”.
FIGURE A.2 A pipeline training class for responders being conducted by the local distribution company personnel.
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