RESPONDING TO NATURAL GAS EMERGENCIES


Supplied Air Respirator (SAR). Positive pres- sure respirator that is supplied by either an air- line hose or breathing air cylinders connected to the respirator by a short airline (or pigtail). When used in IDLH atmospheres, require a secondary source of air supply.


Sweet Crude. Crude oil with a low concentra- tion of hydrogen sulfide.


T


Tactical Objectives. The specific operations that must be accomplished to achieve strategic goals. Tactical objectives must be both specific and measurable.


TAPS. Trans Alaska Pipeline System.


Tasks. The specific activities that accomplish a tactical objective.


Technical Decontamination. The planned and systematic process of reducing contamination to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Achiev- able (ALARA). Technical decon operations are normally conducted in support of emergency responder recon and entry operations at a haz- ardous materials incident, as well for handling contaminated patients at medical facilities.


Technical Information Centers. Private and public sector hazardous materials emergency “hotlines” that (1) provide immediate chemical hazard information; (2) access secondary forms of expertise for additional action and informa- tion; and (3) act as a clearinghouse for spill no- tifications.


Include both public (e.g., CHEMTREC) and subscription-based systems.


Technical Information Specialists. Individu- als who provide specific expertise to the Inci- dent Commander or the HMRT either in person, by telephone, or through other elec- tronic means. They may represent the shipper, manufacturer or be otherwise familiar with the hazmats or problems involved.


Termination. That portion of incident man- agement where personnel are involved in doc- umenting safety procedures, site operations, hazards faced, and lessons learned from the in- cident. Termination is divided into three


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phases: de-briefing, post-incident analysis, and critique.


Threshold Limit Value/Time Weighted Aver- age (TLV/TWA). The airborne concentration of a material to which an average, healthy person may be exposed repeatedly for 8 hours each day, 40 hours per week, without suffering ad- verse effects. The young, old, ill and naturally susceptible will have lower tolerances and will need to take additional precautions. TLVs are based upon current available information and are adjusted on an annual basis by organiza- tions such as the American Conference of Gov- ern-mental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). As TLVs are time weighted averages over an eight-hour exposure, they are difficult to corre- late to emergency response operations. The lower the value, the more toxic the substance.


Throughput. The volume of product that goes through a section of equipment during a spec- ified period of time.


Top Loading. Method of loading cargo tank trucks by which a fill tube from the loading rack is inserted into each compartment and product is then transferred. Primarily used for the transfer of combustible liquids and low vapor pressure products, such as fuel oils and distillates.


Toxic Products of Combustion. The toxic byproducts of the combustion process. De- pending upon the materials burning, higher levels of personal protective clothing and equipment may be required.


Transfer. The process of physically moving a liquid, gas or some forms of solids either man- ually, by pump or by pressure transfer, from a leaking or damaged container. The transfer pump, hoses, fittings and container must be compatible with the hazardous materials in- volved. When transferring flammable liquids, proper bonding and grounding concerns must be addressed.


Transmission Pipelines—Gas. Large cross- country pipelines that are used to move natural gas from production and processing facilities to distribution companies and large volume customers. Some gas may also be shipped to

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