CHEMICAL PROPERTIES—FLAMMABILITY, HEALTH AND REACTIVITY OXYGEN—Deficient (Low) OsHa defined—enriched


Minimum level allowed


respiration increases, Poor Judgment, lips turn Blue


8 Min—100% Fatal 6 Min—50% Fatal


4 Min—recovery with treatment


ashen Face, nausea & Vomiting


Coma in


40 seconds, Convulsions & death


0 ppm 0%


6 – 8% Below 6% FIGURE 2.10 Concentration levels and physiological effects of oxygen.


tasteless, odorless gas. Carbon monoxide has no detectable signs other than the victim’s symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, headaches and lethargy. These can be confusing in an emergency and sometimes be mistaken for flu symptoms. (Examine the “Poison Line” for the symptoms of concentration of carbon monoxide.)


To prevent incomplete combustion it is critical that a professional install


and properly maintain the heating system and adjust burners on the furnace and/or cooking equipment.


Oxygen-deficient Atmospheres


Another hazard of a natural gas release is that it can displace the oxygen in a confined space or enclosed area. This will create an oxygen-deficient atmos- phere, which is an asphyxiation hazard. Oxygen deficiency occurs when the oxygen levels fall below 19.5%, which is considered immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) by organizations such as NIOSH and OSHA.


Liquid Natural Gas Health Hazards


Cryogenic LNG exists at very low temperatures; when it is released the expan- sion back to a gas creates large volumes of gas and the liquid product's super- cold temperatures make the possibility for skin injuries very likely. Large


33 10 – 12% 8 – 10% Unconsciousness, 12 – 14% Mental Failure


increased respiration, impaired Judgment, Coordination and Perception


15 – 19% Considered idlH


Muscular lethargy, impaired Coordination


20.8% 19.5% by OsHa


normal Oxygen


23.5% serious Fire Hazard


1,000,000 ppm


100%

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