RESPONDING TO NATURAL GAS EMERGENCIES
sensors that can help to locate “anomalies” in the pipeline wall before they can progress to the point of causing a leak. Magnetic flux leak- age (MFL) pigs are used to detect corrosion or other internal defects, while other pigs can de- tect dents caused by excavation or ground up- heaval, or cracks caused by stress. Pigs can also scrape build-up off the interior wall of liquid pipelines to help prevent interior corrosion.
Pipeline Control Center. The central commu- nications and operations center for the pipeline operator. It is the heart of pipeline operations, particularly along transmission and large dis- tribution pipelines. Using a computerized Su- pervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System, operators can monitor pipeline pressure, flow, temperature, alarms and other conditions in the pipeline, as well as shutdown the pipeline and begin to isolate the source of a leak in the event of an emergency. It is typically remote from the physical location of the pipeline.
Pipeline Train. A shipment of different liquid petroleum products created in a transmission pipeline by the pipeline operator. Multiple products are batched together in a specific order based upon customer needs and product compatibility.
Planning Section. Responsible for the collec- tion, evaluation, dissemination and use of in- formation about the development of the incident and the status of resources. Includes the Situation Status, Resource Status, Docu- mentation, and Demobilization Units as well as Technical Specialists.
Post-Emergency Response Operations (PERO). That portion of an emergency re- sponse performed after the immediate threat of a release has been stabilized or eliminated, and the clean-up of the site has begun.
Post-Incident Analysis. An element of inci- dent termination that includes completion of the required incident reporting forms, deter- mining the level of financial responsibility, and assembling documentation for conducting a critique.
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Powered-Air Purification Respirators (PAPR). Air-purifying respirators that use a blower to force the ambient air through air-purifying el- ements to a full-face mask. As a result, there is a slight positive pressure in the facepiece that results in an increased protection factor. Where an APR has a protection factor of 50:1, a PAPR will have a protection factor of 1,000:1.
PPV. Positive Pressure Ventilation.
Pressure Isolation and Reduction. A physical or chemical method of containment by which the internal pressure of a closed container is re- duced. The tactical objective is to sufficiently reduce the internal pressure in order to either reduce the flow or minimize the potential of a container failure.
Pressure Relief Valve (PRV). A type of pres- sure relief device designed to open and close in order to maintain internal pressure within a container or pipeline and minimize the risk of container failure.
Protection In-Place. Directing fixed facility personnel and the general public to go inside of a building or a structure and remain indoors until the danger from a hazardous materials re- lease has passed. It may also be referred to as in-place protection, sheltering-in-place, shelter- ing, and taking refuge.
Protective Clothing. Equipment designed to protect the wearer from heat and/or hazardous materials contacting the skin or eyes. Protec- tive clothing is divided into four types:
• Structural fire fighting protective clothing • Liquid splash chemical protective clothing • Vapor chemical protective clothing • High temperature protective clothing
Proximity Suits. Designed for exposures of short duration and close proximity to flame and radiant heat, such as in aircraft rescue fire- fighting (ARFF) operations. The outer shell is a highly reflective, aluminized fabric over an inner shell of a flame-retardant fabric such as Kevlar™ or Kevlar™/PBI™ blends. These en- sembles are not designed to offer any substan- tial chemical protection.
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