GLOSSARY
Oil Pollution Act (OPA). Amended the Fed- eral Water Pollution Act, OPA's scope covers both facilities and carriers of oil and related liq- uid products, including deepwater marine ter- minals, marine vessels, pipelines and railcars. Require-ments include the development of emergency response plans, training and exer- cises, and verification of spill resources and contractor capabilities. The law also requires the establishment of Area Committees and the development of Area Contingency Plans (ACPs) to address oil and hazardous substance spill response in coastal zone areas.
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC). The federal of- ficial pre-designated by EPA or the USCG to coordinate and direct federal responses and re- movals under the National Contingency Plan.
On-Scene Incident Commander. (See Incident Commander).
One-Call Systems. Notification centers that can be used by anyone preparing to conduct work close to a pipeline or other underground utilities. They are an essential tool and the first line of defense in protecting 911 emergency telephone service, fiber optics, underground power lines, water and sewer lines and pipelines, and maintaining their service and operability.
OPA. (See Oil Pollution Act). OPS. (See Office of Pipeline Safety).
Operations Section. Responsible for all tacti- cal operations at the incident. The Hazmat Branch falls within the Operations Section.
Organic Materials. Materials that contain two or more carbon atoms. Organic materials are derived from materials that are living or were once living, such as plants or decayed prod- ucts. Most organic materials are flammable.
Examples include methane (CH4) and propane (C3H8). OSC. (See On-Scene Coordinator).
OSRO. Oil Spill Response Organization.
Overflow Dam. Spill control tactic used to trap sinking heavier-than-water materials be- hind the dam (specific gravity >1). With the product trapped, uncontaminated water is al-
lowed to flow unobstructed over the top of the dam. Ope-rationally, this is most effective on slow moving and relatively narrow water- ways.
Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere. An atmos- phere that contains an oxygen content less than 19.5 % by volume at sea level.
P
PAPR. (See Powered-Air Purification Respira- tors).
Patching (Plugging). A physical method of containment which uses chemically compati- ble patches and plugs to reduce or temporarily stop the flow of materials from small container holes, rips, tears, or gashes. Although com- monly used on atmospheric pressure liquid and solid containers, some tactics can also be used on pressurized containers.
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). The max- imum time-weighted concentration at which 95% of exposed, healthy adults suffer no ad- verse effects over a 40-hour work week and are comparable to ACGIH's TLV/TWA. PEL's are used by OSHA and are based on an eight-hour, time-weighted average concentration.
PERO. (See Post-Emergency Response Opera- tions).
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Equip- ment provided to shield or isolate a person from the chemical, physical, and thermal haz- ards that may be encountered at a hazardous materials incident. Adequate personal protec- tive equipment should protect the respiratory system, skin, eyes, face, hands, feet, head, body, and hearing. Personal protective equipment includes: personal protective clothing, self-con- tained positive pressure breathing apparatus, and air purifying respirators.
Physical State. The physical state or form (solid, liquid, gas) of the material at normal ambient temperatures (68°F to 77°F).
Pigs. In-line inspection tools of roughly the same diameter as a particular pipeline. Smart pigs are fitted with sophisticated electronic
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