GLOSSARY
liquid in liquid, gas in liquid, or gas in gas. Sig- nificant property in evaluating the selection of control and extinguishing agents, including the use of water and firefighting foams.
SOP. Standard Operating Procedure.
Sour Crude. Crude oil with a high concentra- tion of hydrogen sulfide.
Specialist Employee. Employees who, in the course of their regular job duties, work with and are trained in the hazards of specific haz- ardous substances, and who will be called upon to provide technical advice or assistance to the incident Commander at a hazmat inci- dent.
Specific Gravity. The weight of the material as compared with the weight of an equal vol- ume of water. If the specific gravity is less than one, the material is lighter than water and will float. If the specific gravity is greater than one, the material is heavier than water and will sink. Most insoluble hydrocarbons are lighter than water and will float on the surface. Signif- icant property for determining spill control and clean-up procedures for water-borne releases.
Spill. The release of a liquid, powder, or solid hazardous material in a manner that poses a threat to air, water, ground, and to the environ- ment.
Stabilization. The point in an incident at which the adverse behavior of the hazardous materials is controlled.
Staging. The management of committed and uncommitted emergency response resources (personnel and apparatus) to provide orderly deployment. The safe area established for tem- porary location of available resources closer to the incident site to reduce response time. See Level I Staging and Level II Staging.
Staging Area. The designated location where emergency response equipment and personnel are assigned on an immediately available basis until they are needed.
Static Electricity. An accumulated electrical charge. In order for static electricity to act as an ignition source, four conditions must be ful- filled:
• There must be an effective means of static generation.
• There must be a means of accumulating the static charge build-up.
• There must be a spark discharge of adequate energy to serve as an ignition source (i.e., in- cendive spark).
• The spark must occur in a flammable mix- ture.
Strategic Goals. The overall plan that will be used to control an incident. Strategic goals are broad in nature and are achieved by the com- pletion of tactical objectives. Examples include rescue, spill control, leak control, and recovery.
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). Cracking of a pipeline from the combined influence of ten- sile strength and a corrosive medium in both liquid and natural gas pipelines.
Structural Fire Fighting Protective Clothing. Protective clothing normally worn by firefight- ers during structural fire fighting operations. It includes a helmet, coat, pants, boots, gloves, PASS device, and a hood to cover parts of the head not protected by the helmet. Structural fire fighting clothing provides limited protec- tion from heat, but may not provide adequate protection from harmful liquids, gases, vapors or dusts encountered during hazmat incidents. May also be referred to as turnout or bunker clothing.
Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization Act (SARA). Created for the purpose of estab- lishing Federal statutes for right-to-know stan- dards, emergency response to hazardous materials incidents, reauthorized the Federal Super-fund program, and mandated states to implement equivalent regulations/require- ments.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System. Computerized system for monitoring and controlling pipeline operations from a Pipeline Control Center. Computer screens and analog readings provide control center operators with an ongoing display of pipeline pressure, temperature, flow, alarms and other conditions in the pipeline from all of the stations along the pipeline.
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