GLOSSARY
limit, the mixture is too lean to burn; above the upper flammable limit, the mixture is too rich to burn. If the gas or vapor is released into an oxygen enriched atmosphere, the flammable range will expand. Likewise, if the gas or vapor is released into an oxygen deficient at- mosphere, the flammable range will contract.
Flaring. Controlled burning of a high vapor pressure liquid or compressed gas in order to reduce or control the pressure and/or dispose of the product.
Flash Point. Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors that will ignite and flash-over but will not continue to burn without the addition of more heat. Significant in determining the temperature at which the vapors from a flammable liquid are readily available and may ignite.
Form. Refers to the physical form of a mate- rial—solid, liquid or gas. Significant factor in evaluating both the hazards of a material and tactics for controlling a release. In general, gases and vapor releases cause the greatest problems for emergency responders.
Full Protective Clothing. Protective clothing worn primarily by fire fighters which includes helmet, fire retardant hood, coat, pants, boots, gloves, PASS device, and self-contained breath- ing apparatus designed for structural fire fight- ing. It does not provide specialized chemical splash or vapor protection.
G
Gate Settings. (See Main Line Valves). Gate Stations. The point where natural gas from a transmission pipeline enters the distri- bution system. Gate stations perform several functions, including metering and controlling pipeline flow, and regulating, monitoring and reducing pipeline pressure for use in the dis- tribution mains. May also be known as city gates.
Gathering Pipelines. Small pipelines, usually 2 to 8-inches in diameter, that move natural gas or crude oil mixtures from individual well-
heads and production locations to a central processing facility (often referred to as a Gath- ering Center or Flow Station) where the oil, gas and water are separated and processed.
Gross Decontamination. The initial phase of the decontamination process during which the amount of surface contaminant is significantly reduced.
Grounding. A method of controlling ignition hazards from static electricity. The process of connecting one or more conductive objects to the ground through an earthing electrode (i.e., grounding rod). For example, connecting an aircraft to the ground through an approved grounding wire and connecting the fuel truck to the ground, through a separate grounding wire and grounding rod. Is done to minimize potential differences between objects and the ground.
Groups. As used within the Incident Com- mand System, are the organizational level re- sponsible for a specified functional assignment at an incident. Hazmat units may operate as a Hazmat Group. Groups are under the direction of a Supervisor and may move between divi- sions at an incident.
H
Hazard. Refer to a danger or peril. In hazmat operations, usually refer to the physical or chemical properties of a material.
Hazard Analysis. Part of the planning process, it is the analysis of hazmats present in a facility or community. Elements include hazards iden- tification, vulnerability analysis, risk analysis, and evaluation of emergency response re- sources. Hazards analysis methods used as part of Process Safety Management (PSM) include HAZOP Studies, Fault Tree Analysis, and What If Analysis.
Hazard and Risk Evaluation. Evaluation of hazard information and the assessment of the relative risks of a hazmat incident. Evaluation process leads to the development of Incident Action Plan.
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