APPENDIX


FIGURE A.15 Several examples of HCAs—From left to right; a shopping center, navigable waterway, and sports arena.


emergency awareness, Recognition and Identifying Pipeline Releases


Pipeline incidents are some of the most dangerous situations an emergency responder may encounter. Pipelines contain flammable toxic gases, liquids, and other chemical products that present emergency responders with a myr- iad of problems. In most incidents, responders will have a limited number of strategic options for controlling a release. In fact, in almost all cases, the pipeline operator will be ultimately responsible to resolve the incident. Con- sequently, a responder’s best objective is to minimize the level of risk to other responders, the community, and the environment.


FIGURE A.16 Natural gas is certainly flammable and in many places it is also extremely toxic.


INITIal ResPONse TO a PIPelINe emeRGeNCy— FIRsT ON The sCeNe


There are key signs that responders should be aware of in pipeline emer-


gencies; knowing how to recognize and identify a potential release is critical. Approach cautiously, keep a safe distance and use your senses to identify a release. It is as simple as what you see, what you hear and what you smell.


what you see


• Dead or discolored vegetation that is otherwise green along a pipeline right-of-way


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