RESPONDING TO NATURAL GAS EMERGENCIES GLOSSARY Of teRmS A
Absorbent Material. A material designed to pick up and hold liquid hazardous material to prevent contamination spread. Materials in- clude sawdust, clays, charcoal and polyolefin- type fibers.
Absorption. 1) The process of absorbing or “picking up” a liquid hazardous material to prevent enlargement of the contaminated area. Common physical method for spill control and decontamination. 2) Movement of a toxicant into the circulatory system by oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure.
Administration/Finance
Section.Responsible for all costs and financial actions of the inci- dent. Includes the Time Unit, Procurement Unit, Compensation/Claims Unit, and the Cost Unit.
Adsorption. Process of adhering to a surface. Common physical method of spill control and decontamination.
Air Monitoring. To measure, record, and/or detect contaminants in ambient air.
Air Purifying Respirators (APR). Respirators or filtration devices that remove particulate matter, gases or vapors from the atmosphere. These devices range from full-face piece, dual cartridge masks with eye protection, to half- mask, face piece mounted cartridges. They are intended for use only in atmospheres where the chemical hazards and concentrations are known.
Alcohol Resistant AFFF (ARC). Alcohol resist- ant AFFF's are Class B firefighting foams avail- able at 3% hydrocarbon/3% polar solvent (known as 3 x 3 concentrates), although 3% hy- drocarbon/6% polar solvent concentrations (known as 3 x 6 concentrates) may also be found. When applied to a polar solvent fuel, they will often create a polymeric membrane rather than a film over the fuel. This membrane
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separates the water in the foam blanket from the attack of the polar solvent. Then, the blan- ket acts in much the same manner as a regular AFFF.
American Gas Association (AGA). Profes- sional trade association of the United States natural gas distribution industry. AGA is an advocate for local natural gas utility compa- nies and provides a broad range of programs and services for member natural gas pipelines, marketers, gatherers, international gas compa- nies and industry associates.
American Petroleum Institute (API). Profes- sional trade association of the United States petroleum industry. Publishes technical stan- dards and information for all areas of the in- dustry, including exploration, production, refining, marketing, transportation, and fire and safety.
API (American Petroleum Institute) Gravity. The density measure used for petroleum liq- uids. API gravity is inversely related to specific gravity– the higher the API gravity, the lower the specific gravity. Temperature will affect API gravity and it should always be corrected to 60ºF (16ºC). API gravity can be calculated using the formula —API Gravity = 141.5/Spe- cific Gravity – 131.5.
APR. (See Air Purifying Respirator).
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF). Syn- thetic Class B firefighting foam consisting of fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with high boiling point solvents and water. AFFF film formation is dependent upon the difference in surface tension between the fuel and the firefighting foam. The fluoro- chemical surfactants reduce the surface ten- sion of water to a degree less than the surface tension of the hydrocarbon so that a thin aque- ous film can spread across the fuel.
Aquifers. Underground porous, permeable rock formations that act as natural water reser- voirs. In certain situations, these water-con- taining formations may be developed and utilized as natural gas storage facilities.
ARFF.Aircraft Rescue Firefighting.
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