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MUSCULOSKELETAL PROFILING IN GOLF

enhance performance (a much greater incentive than trying to prevent injury!).

When applicable and relevant, resistance cord (eg. cliniband, ther- aband) is used in the patterns of the swing: from address position to top of back-swing and vice versa from address position to end of follow-through and vice versa, using both arms together or the right or left arms only.

This enables the players to perform resistance work for all aspects of the golf swing in a synchronous way, taking advantage of the physiological benefits of using PNF patterns. For elite and full- developed golfers, these exercises have been modified into a stretch-shortening/plyometric scheme of exercises in order to increase power during the swing.

An exercise CD, demonstrating the exercises and postures to be practised, has recently been produced for the players. This aug- ments the CDs of the player’s technique being produced by the coaches.

CONCLUSION Players who have been involved in the musculoskeletal profiling and exercise programme from early teenage years are more proficient at many of the musculoskeletal tests than most of the senior interna- tional players who have only become exposed to similar support in the last 3-4 years. Only time will tell if the programme will improve the chances of the junior internationals making their way in the professional game. Certainly players have begun to realise that many of the exercises suggested to them have improved their golf- ing performance, which has increased their interest and compliance. Similarly, many coaches have requested that the physiotherapists have greater input into training programmes.

THE AUTHOR Lynn Booth is a chartered physiotherapist with an MSc in Sports Therapy and Sports Injury. She is Chairman of the British Olympic Association’s Physiotherapy Committee and attended the 1988 and 1992 Olympic Games with the GB Women’s Hockey Team and the 1996, 2000 and (hopefully) 2004 Olympic Games as Chief Physiotherapist for TeamGB. Within golf, Lynn works with the nation- al teams of the English Ladies’ Golf Association and the Ladies’ Golf Union (Great Britain + Ireland squad) and with four of the Regional Boys’ squads and the Boys’ School of Excellence for the English Golf Union. Lynn has worked for the PGA on their Professional Development Programme, presenting in both Britain and Germany and has given presentations on physiotherapy and golf to sports medicine groups within Britain.

References 1. Brendecke P. Golf Injuries. Sports Medicine Digest 1990;12(4):1-2 2. McCarroll JR, Rettig AC and Shelbourne KD. Injuries in the amateur golfer. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 1990;18(3):122-126 3. Batt ME. A survey of golf injuries in amateur golfers. British Journal of Sports Medicine 1992;26(1):63-65 4. Batt M. Golfing injuries: An overview. Sports Medicine 1993;16(1):64- 71 5. Read MTF. Case report - stress fracture of the rib in a golfer. British Journal of Sports Medicine 1994;28(3):206 6. Jobe FW, Moynes DR and Antonelli DJ. Rotator cuff function during a golf swing. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1986;14(5)388-392

www.sportex.net

7. Jobe FW, Perry J and Pink M. Electromyographic shoulder activity in men and women professional golfers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1989;17(6)782-787 8. Pink M, Jobe FW and Perry J. Electromyographic analysis of the shoulder during the golf swing. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1990;18(2):137-140 9. Pink M, Perry J and Jobe FW. Electromyographic analysis of the trunk in golfers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1993;21(3)385-388 10. Burdorf A, van der Steenhoven GA and Tromp-Klaren EGM. A one-year prospective study on back pain among novice golfers. American Journal of Sports Medicine 1996;24(5)659-664 11. Burden AM, Grimshaw PN and Wallace ES. Hip and shoulder rotations during the golf swing of sub-10 handicap players. Journal of Sports Sciences 1998;16(2):165-176 12. Seaman DR. Back pain in golfers: etiology and prevention. Journal of Sports Chiropractic & Rehabilitation 1998;12(2):45-54 13. Metz JP. Managing golf injuries: technique and equipment changes that aid treatment. Physician and Sportsmedicine 1999;27(7):41-43,46- 48,53-54,56 14. Nissinen MJ, Heliovaara MM, Seitsamo JT et al. Development of trunk asymmetry in a cohort of children ages 11 to 22 years. Spine 2000;25(5):570-574 15. Theriault G and Lachance P. Golf injuries: An overview. Sports Medicine 1998;26(1):43-57 16. Booth L and Forrest J. The golf swing: Posture and movement. Physiotherapy in Sport 1999;22(3)6-8 17. Bechler JR, Jobe FW et al. Electromyographic analysis of the hip and knee during the golf swing. Clinical Journal of Sports medicine 1995;5:162-166 18. Whitely C. Biomechanical considerations of the lumbar spine during the golf swing. Physiotherapy in Sport 1999;22(3)4-5 19. Regan D. The role of scapular stabilization in overhead motion. Strength and Conditioning 1996;33-38 20. Mottram SL. Dynamic stability of the scapula. Manual Therapy 1997;2(3)123-131 21. Sahrmann SA. Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes. ISBN 0801672058 Mosby 2002 22. Watkins RG, Uppal GS, Perry J, et al. Dynamic electromyographic analy- sis of trunk musculature in professional golfers. American Journal of Sports Medicine 1996;24(4):535-538

RECOMMENDED READING Science and Golf IV: Proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf 2002. Routledge 2002. ISBN 0415283027 This is one of the best sources of information on the science and medicine of golf and is updated on a reg- ular basis with each Congress that takes place. List price:

£90.00

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LPGA's Guide to Every Shot. Human Kinetics 2000. ISBN 0880119802 The definitive manual on swing technique and shot-making. The book is an instructional tool, with technique-teaching points accompanied by photographs. Each chapter is written by a top LPGA Tour player or players and an instructor who has been named LPGA Teacher of the Year and is a certified Class A member of the LPGA Teaching and Club Professional (T&CP) division. List price:

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