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REHABILITATION ANKLE INJURY

7. Schaap GR, de Keizer G, Marti K. Inversion trauma of the ankle. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 1989;108:273–275 8. Tropp H. Pronator muscle weakness in functional instability of the ankle joint. International Journal of Sports Medicine 1986;7:291–294 9. Orteza LC, Vogelbach WD, Denegar CR. The effect of molded and unmolded orthotics on balance and pain while jogging following inversion ankle sprain. Journal of Athletic Training 1992;27:80–84 10. Kannus P, Renstrom P. Treatment for ankle tears of the lateral ligament of the ankle: operation, cast or early controlled mobilisation. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery – American Volume 1991;73:305–312 11. Starkey JA. Treatment of ankle sprains by simultaneous use of compression and ice packs. American Journal of Sports Medicine 1976;4:142–146 12. Myers J, Riemann JB, Hwang BL, Fu JH, Lephart SM. Effect of peripheral afferent alteration of the lateral ankle ligaments on dynamic stability. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2003;31:498–506 13. Bandy WD, Sanders B. Therapeutic exercise: techniques for intervention. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins 2001. ISBN 078172130X 14. Bullard RH, Dawson J, Arenson DJ. Taping the athletic ankle. Journal of the American Podiatry Association 1989;69:727–734 15. Robbins S, Waked E, Rappel R. Ankle taping improves proprioception before and after exercise in young men. British Journal of Sports Medicine 1995;29:242–247 16. Kaminski TW, Buckley BD, Powers ME, Hubbard TJ, et al. Eversion and inversion strength ratios in subjects with unilateral functional instability. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2001;33:135(suppl) 17. Sheth P, Yu B, Laskowski ER, An Kn. Ankle disc training influences reaction times of selected muscles in a simulated ankle sprain. American Journal of Sports Medicine 1997;25:538–543 18. Bahr R, Pena F, Shine J, Lew WD, et al. Biomechanics of ankle ligament reconstruction: an in vitro comparison of the Brostroem repair, Watson–Jones reconstruction, and a new anatomic reconstruction technique. American Journal of Sports Medicine 1997;25:424–432 19. Tropp H, Odenrick P, Gillquist J. Stabilometry recordings in functional and mechanical instability of the ankle joint. International Journal of Sports Medicine 1985;6:180–182 20. Ryan L. Mechanical stability, muscle strength, and proprioception in the functional unstable ankle. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 1994;40:41–47 21. Willems T, Witvrouw E, Verstuyft J, Vaes P, De Clercq D. Proprioception and muscle strength in subjects with a history of ankle sprains and chronic instability. Journal of Athletic Training 2002;37:487–493 22. Ergen E, Ulkar B. Proprioception and ankle injuries in soccer. Clinics in Sports Medicine 2008;27:195–217 23. Lephart SM, Henry TJ. Restoration of proprioception and neuromuscular control of the unstable shoulder. In: Lephart SM, Fu FH, eds. Proprioception and neuromuscular control in joint stability. Human Kinetics 2000. ISBN 0880118644 24. Viitasalo MT, Kala R, Eisalo A. Ambulatory electrocardio-graphic findings in young athletes between 14 and 16 years of age. European Heart Journal 1984;5:2–6

www.sportEX.net

25. Garn SN, Newton RA. Kinesthetic awareness in subjects with multiple ankle sprains. Physical Therapy 1988;68:1667–1671 26. Lephart SM, Fu FH. The role of proprioception in the treatment sports injuries. Sport Exercise Injury 1995;1:96–102 27. Voight ML, Cook G. Clinical application of closed kinetic chain exercise. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 1996;5:25–44 28. Konradsen L, Beynnon BD, Renstrom PA. Proprioception and sensorimotor control in the functionally unstable ankle. In: Lephart SM, Fu FH, eds. Proprioception and neuromuscular control in joint stability. Human Kinetics 2000. ISBN 0880118644 29. Kaminski TW, Heather HD. Factors contributing to chronic ankle instability: a strength perspective. Journal of Athletic Training 2002;37:394–405 30. Lentell GB, Bass B, Lopez D, McGuire L, et al. The contributions of proprioceptive deficits, muscle function, and anatomic laxity to functional instability of the ankle. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 1995;21:206–215 31. Hartsell HD, Spaulding SJ. Eccentric/concentric ratios at selected velocities for the invertor and evertor muscles of the chronically unstable ankle. British Journal of Sports Medicine 1999;33:255–258 32. Kaumeyer G, Malone T. Ankle injuries: anatomical and biomechanical considerations necessary for the development of an injury prevention programme. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 1980;1:171–177 33. Cyriax J. Textbook of orthopaedic medicine: diagnosis of soft tissue lesions, 8th edn. Bailliere Tindall 1982. ISBN 0702009350 34. Bonnin JG. Injuries to the ankle. Hafner 1950. 35. Thomaszewski D. “T Band Kicks” ankle proprioception programme. Journal of Athletic Training 1991;36:216–219 36. Fiore RD, Leard JS. A functional approach in the rehabilitation of the ankle and rear foot. Journal of Athletic Training 1980;15:231–235 37. Bernier JN, Perrin DH, Rijke AM. Effect of unilateral functional instability of the ankle on postural sway and inversion and eversion strength. Journal of Athletic Training 1997;32:226–232

THE AUTHOR e

TH

over 15 years. He holds a diploma in sports physiotherapy from Crewe and Alsager and a masters’ degree in sports medicine from Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham. He also holds a diploma in musculoskeletal physiotherapy from Sheffield Hallam University.

Dave Hancock MSc MCSP BHSc has been a chartered physiotherapist for ears.

, Nottingham.

After working at St James’s Hospital, Leeds Rhinos and Wolverhampton Wanderers Football Club, Dave was asked by Blackburn Rovers FC to head their youth academy development, responsible for diet, strength/power training and sports science testing, and the rehabilitation and treatment of all developing players at the club. In August 2000 he joined Leeds United Football Club as head physiotherapist, in charge of all medical-related issues, medical staffing and support to the first team squad. He was responsible for the design and implementation of their state-of-the-art training facility at Thorp Arch. In 2007 Dave was approached to become head physiotherapist for the first team squad at Chelsea Football Club, working closely with the Premiership team in developing rehabilitation and prehabilitation strategies. Dave has also spent time with Real Madrid Football Club, the San Francisco 49ers American football team, the Miami Dolphins, the Chicago Bulls, the Washington Wizards and the Bollettieri Tennis Academy in Florida. Dave is currently director of physiotherapy for Virgin Active Health Clubs UK.

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38. McKnight CM, Armstrong CW. The role of ankle strength in functional ankle instability. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 1997;6:21–29 39. Wilkerson GB, Pinerola JJ, Caturano RW. Invertor vs evertor peak torque and power deficiencies associated with lateral ankle ligament injury. Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Therapy 1997;26:78–86 40. Kannus P. Isokinetic evaluation of muscular performance: implications for muscle testing and rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Medicine 1994;15(suppl 1):11–18 41. Hislop HJ, Perrine JJ. The isokinetic concept of exercise. Physical Therapy 1967;47:114–117 42. Kaminski TW, Perrin DH, Mattacola CG, Szcerba JE, Bernier JN. The reliability and validity of ankle inversion and eversion torque measurements from the Kin Com 11 isokinetic dynamometer. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation 1995;4:210–218 43. Karnofel H, Wilkinson K, Lentell G. Reliability of isokinetic muscle testing at the ankle. Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Therapy 1989;11:150–154 44. Wennerberg D. Reliability of an isokinetic dorsiflexion and planterflexion apparatus. American Journal of Sports Medicine 1991;19:519–522 45. Buckley BD, Kaminski TW, Powers ME, Ortiz C, Hubbard TJ. Using reciprocal muscle group ratios to examine isokinetic strength in the ankle: a new concept. Journal of Athletic Training 2001;36:93(suppl) 46. Willems TM, Witvrouw E, Delbaere K, Mahieu N, et al. Intrinsic risk factors for inversion ankle sprains in males: a prospective study. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2005;33:415–423 47. Kaminski TW, Perrin DH, Arnold BL, Gansneder BM, et al. Concentric and eccentric force-velocity relationships between uninjured and functionally unstable ankles. Journal of Athletic Training 1996;31:54(suppl) 48. Dvorak J, Junge A, Chomiak J. Risk factor analysis for injuries in football players-Possibillities for a prevention programme. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2000;28:69–74 49. Inklaar H. Soccer injuries. II: aetiology and prevention. Sports Medicine 1994;18:81–93.

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