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9. Mottram SL. Dynamic stability of the scapula. Manual Therapy 1997;2(3):123-131 10. Magarey ME, Jones MA. Dynamic evaluation and early management of altered motor control around the shoulder complex. Manual Therapy 2003; 8(4):195-206 11. Ellenbecker TS. Clinical examination of the shoulder. Elsevier Saunders 2004. ISBN 0721698077

12. Host HH. Scapular taping in the treatment of anterior shoulder impingement. Physical Therapy 1995;75(9):803-812 13. Comerford MJ, Mottram SL. Movement and stability dysfunction - contemporary developments. Manual Therapy 2001;6(1):15-26 14. Sahrmann SA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement Impairment Syndromes. 1st Edition: Mosby 2002. ISBN 15. Janda V. Muscles and motor control in cervicogenic disorders: assessment and management. Grant R. (Ed): Physical Therapy of the Cervical and Thoracic Spine. 2nd edition. Churchill Livingstone 1994 16. Hodges P. Motor Control. In: Kolt G.S. and Snyder- Mackler L. (Eds): Physical Therapies in Sport and Exercise. Churchill Livingstone 2003. ISBN 0443071543 17. Taimela S, Kankaanpaa M and Luoto S. The effects of lumbar fatigue on the ability to sense a change in lumbar position. A controlled study. Spine 1999;24;1322-1327 18. Garn SN and Newton RA. Kinesthetic awareness in subjects with multiple ankle sprains. Physical Therapy 1988;68:1667-1671 19. Warner JJP, Michele LJ, Arslanian LE, Kennedy J, Kennedy R. Scapulothoracic motion in normal shoulders and shoulders with glenohumeral instability and impingement syndrome. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1996;285:191-199 20. Garsden LR and Bullock-Saxton JE. Joint

THE AUTHOR TH

Colin Paterson MSc PGCert (Ed) MCSP MSMA is a chartered physiotherapist who is both a freelance physiotherapist specialising in musculoskeletal and sports injuries for adults and paediatrics and a lecturer at

Bournemouth University. He currently works as the team leader for the acute paediatric physiotherapy team at Poole General Hospital. He also works with the British Paralympic Association, England Hockey and has worked as a headquarters physiotherapist at the last commonwealth games for Team England and the last 2 World University Games for the Great Britain team.

Bournemouth

Tel: 01749 890870 Fax: 01749 890871 uksales@physiotools.com www.physiotools.com

www.sportEX.net 17

reposition sense in subjects with uni-lateral osteoarthritis of the knee. Clinical Rehabilitation 1999;13:148-155 21. Hides J, Richardson C, Jull G. Multifidus recovery is not automatic following resolution of acute first episode low back pain. Spine 1996;18(11):1531-1541 22. Cowan SM, Hodges PW, Bennell KL, Crossley KM. Altered vastii recruitment when people with patellofemoral pain syndrome complete a postural task. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002;83:989-995 23. Jobe FW,Pink M. Classification and treatment of shoulder dysfunction in the overhead athlete. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 1993;18(2):427-432 24. Glousman R, Jobe F, Tibone J, Moynes D, Antonelli D, Perry J. Dynamic electromyographic analysis of the throwing shoulder with glenohumeral instability. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 1988;70(2):220-226 25. Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Physical Therapy 2000;80(3):276-291 26. Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Declercq GA, Daneels L, Cambier DC. Scapular muscle recruitment patterns: trapezius muscle latency in overhead athletes with and without impingement symptoms. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2003;31(4):542-549 27. Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Declercq GA, Vanderstraeten G, Cambier DC. Evaluation of isokinetic force production and associated muscle activity in the scapular rotators during a protraction- retraction movement in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2004;38:64-68 28. Cools AM,Declercq GA, Cambier DC, Witvrouw EE. Trapezius activity and intramuscular balance during isokinetic exercise in overhead althetes with impingement symptoms. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 2007;17:25-33 29. Wadsworth DJ, Bullock-Saxton JE. Recruitment patterns of the scapular rotator muscles in freestyle swimmers with subacromial impingement. Orthopaedics and Clinical Science 1997;18:618-624 30. Pink M, Jobe FW, Perry J, Browne A, Scovazzo ML, Kerrigan J. The painful shoulder during the butterfly stroke. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1993;288:60-72 31. Lukasiewicz AC, McClure P, Michener L, Pratt N, Sennett B. Comparison of 3-dimensional scapular position and orientation between subjects with and without shoulder impingement. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 1999;29(10):574-586 32. Endo K, Ikata T, Katoh S, Takeda Y. Radiographic assessment of scapular rotational tilt in chronic shoulder impingement syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 2001;6:3-10

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