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Transcripts


t


running at 10%, 15%, 20%. None of you in this room will believe me, probably, when I tell you that, in 1971, Britain’s inflation rate was 25%, yes. I can hardly believe that as the words come out of my mouth, and I can remember the year very, very distinctly.


CD1 Track 43 Ex 4.2


Listen to this extract from a lecture entitled Health in the UK and make notes.


Health in the UK


Ok, so we’ve looked at some of the problems in the developing world.


What I would like to do now is look at the health situation in the developed world, with particular reference to the United Kingdom. I think the situation can be summarized briefly like this: firstly, life expectancy – how long people are living – is increasing. Secondly, we are taking more and more drugs and as a result of this we are curing, or at least controlling, many illnesses. However, what we are not doing as well as we should is stopping people getting sick in the first place.


Let me just illustrate this point with some statistics.


I’ve said that life expectancy in the UK is increasing and that’s true. For example, let’s look at men aged between 35 and 74. The number of men in this age group who died dropped by 42% between 1990 and 2000. Now that’s a huge fall. Forty-two per cent fewer deaths in this age group over a ten-year period. Now, it is clear to me that much of this fall has been due to the amount of drugs we take now to cure problems.


If we look at heart disease, for example, and the drugs we take to regulate or ‘cure’ it, we can see that the number of prescriptions issued by doctors has almost quadrupled – increased by just under 400% – in the last 20 years. This includes drugs to lower blood pressure and to reduce cholesterol. So we really are becoming a nation of pill takers but – and this is the point that I want to emphasize – we are not attacking the underlying causes of heart disease. One major cause of heart disease is physical inactivity. And, in the UK, we are becoming more inactive; we are taking less physical exercise. If you have a look at the statistics on your handout, you will see that these illustrate that since the 1970s the average number of


miles travelled on foot has dropped by around a quarter, just about 23%, and the number of miles travelled by bike has dropped by one- third. In other words, we are walking less, we are cycling less. By contrast, the number of miles people drive has increased by 70% over the same period of time. So, more use of the car and less physical exercise is the overall picture.


Add to this inactivity an unhealthy diet and the results are disastrous. Look at the figures for obesity in the UK. The percentage of obese adults has almost doubled in the last 12 years; a rise of about 92%. So, as a nation, we are becoming more obese as a result of poor diet and a lack of regular physical activity. And what does this mean in terms of life expectancy? Well, over 180,000 people die every year as a result of heart disease. And a third of these deaths – so, more than 60,000 deaths – according to the British Heart Foundation, are premature. In other words, people are dying earlier than they should do.


So, here in the UK we could do more. Other counties are already doing more. For instance, in the last ten years of the 20th


century, Norway


witnessed a drop of 54% in the number of deaths in men aged between 35 and 74. And, as we saw earlier in that same age group, Britain has a figure of 42%. So, although that seems good, we could and we should be doing more, and we should be looking at how to prevent heart disease rather than concentrating only on how to cure it.


CD1 Track 44 Ex 5.1


Listen and complete the sentences.


1. The government has introduced tax incentives to encourage investment in this region.


2. For tax purposes these organizations are often regarded as charities.


3. A number of reforms to the tax system have been proposed.


CD1 Track 45 Ex 5.2


Read the explanation below and listen to the examples.


add up What are these? the main objective


Listening


85


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