3.3  CD1: 37 In Part 2 of the extract, the lecturer goes on to discuss another factor. Listen to Part 2 and continue the notes.


Part 2 labour rates Everyone agreed about one element - stimulus


Task 4 Microskills: Sentence stress


In Unit 3 you saw how word stress affects the pronunciation of syllables in the word. In a similar way, in any spoken utterance, certain words are stressed, and this affects the pronunciation of other words in the utterance.


4.1  CD1: 38 Listen to this extract from Track 37. The main stressed words in this sentence are marked in bold.


…, that you could always hire a lot of people at low labour rates, but who were in reasonably good health, who were literate and who had reasonable skills.


Note: The speaker chooses to stress words which are particularly important to what he is saying. These tend to be content words, rather than function words.


One problem in listening is that often the unstressed words tend to be: ■ pronounced in unexpected ways, e.g., that /D@t/ and were /w@/ ■ compressed together in fast speech, so that it is difficult to hear where one word ends and another begins, e.g., a lot of people /@lət@vpi:p@l/


4.2  CD1: 39 Listen to the following sentence from Track 36. The Japanese


never run economy. Neither the Koreans.


a. Complete the sentences with one word in each space. b. The missing words are function words which are unstressed.


• How easy or difficult was it to hear these words? • If it was difficult, could you work out what they were from the context?


purely free-market


36


English for Academic Study


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