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VENTILATION


(IEQ) in healthcare facilities: A systematic literature review and gap analysis. Journal of Building Engineering. 2024; 86: 108787.


5 Nyembwe KJPB. Improving Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in Healthcare Facilities in the Tropical Climates of Developing Countries (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de Coimbra), 2025. https://estudogeral.uc.pt/handle/10316/118563


6 Tang CS, Wan GH. 2013. Air quality monitoring of the post- operative recovery room and locations surrounding operating theaters in a medical center in Taiwan. PloS one. 2013: 8(4): 61093.


7 Lans JLA, Mathijssen, NMC, Bode A, Van Den Dobbelsteen JJ, Van Der Elst M, Luscuere, PG. 2022. Operating room ventilation systems: recovery degree, cleanliness recovery rate and air change effectiveness in an ultra-clean area. J Hospital Infect. 2022; 122: 115-125.


8 Shajahan A, Culp CH, Williamson B. 2019. Effects of indoor environmental parameters related to building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems on patients’ medical outcomes: A review of scientific research on hospital buildings. Indoor Air. 2019; 29(2): 161-176.


9 Tian Y. 2023. A review on factors related to patient comfort experience in hospitals. Health Popul Nutr. 2023; Nov 8; 42(1):125.


10 Walch JM, Rabin BS, Day R, Williams JN, Choi K, Kang JD. The effect of sunlight on postoperative analgesic medication use: a prospective study of patients undergoing spinal surgery. Psychosom Med. 2005; Jan-Feb; 67(1):156-63.


11 Brzeszczyńska J, Brzeszczyński F. Benefit of sunlight and melatonin on back pain and inflammation. Bone Joint Res. 2023; Mar 7;12(3):199-201.


12 Bennett NT, Schultz GS. Growth factors and wound healing: Part II. Role in normal and chronic wound healing. Am J Surg. 1993; 166: 74–81.


13 Quintyne KI, Kelly C, Sheridan A, Kenny P, O’Dwyer M. COVID-19 transport restrictions in Ireland: impact on air quality and respiratory hospital admissions, Public Health. 2021; 198: 156-160. ISSN 0033-3506.


14 Uścinowicz P. Bogdan A. Szyłak-Szydłowski M. Młynarczyk M, Ćwiklińska D. Subjective assessment of indoor air quality and thermal environment in patient rooms: A survey study of Polish hospitals. Building and Environment. 2023; 228: 109840. ISSN 0360-1323.


15 Cabo Verde S, Almeida SM, Matos J, Guerreiro D, Meneses M, Faria T et al. Microbiological assessment of indoor air quality at different hospital sites, Research in Microbiology. 2015; 166(7): 557-563, ISSN 0923-2508.


Above left: Figure 4. Media used in coarse filtration.


Above: Figure 5. Progressive structure media.


September 2025 Health Estate Journal 71


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