60 SKIN CARE Reduction of opportunistic pathogens Pantoea
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Baseline (D-2) (*)/D-2 -89%
+45.103 /D-2
% (*)/D0 -89% SLS effect (D0) phytosterols (D7) 2% Rapeseed
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
Baseline (D-2) Pseudomonas (º)/D-2 -62% (º)/D0
+210% /D-2
-62% /D0
SLS effect (D0) phytosterols (D7) 2% Rapeseed
Figure 4: Opportunistic pathogen relative abundance after SLS exposure compared with 7 day treatment of 2% Rapeseed phytosterols using 16S DNA sequencing. The following symbols denote significance values of p=0.1, p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001 denoted as (°), (*), (**), (***), respectively.
includes metabolism of pollutants such as such as biphenylated compounds and propylene glycol.22-24 Not only does SLS remove beneficial
bacteria, but it also increases the population of opportunistic pathogens such as Pantoea and Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas can actively contribute toward the physical skin barrier disruption by producing metabolites that degrade skin lipids.25
This, coupled with physical skin
barrier disruption, can be a recipe for disaster. Lastly, we observed a very large increase of Pantoea, a bacterial species that has a very small population on undisturbed skin, indicating a dysbiosis – a disruption of the natural skin microbiome balance.26 The Rapeseed phytosterol formulation
helps skin recover beneficial bacterial populations (Micrococcus, Corynebacterium and Paracoccus) and assists in reducing the presence of pathogenic bacteria, compared to the state after SLS patch removal . The re-balancing of the healthy skin microbiome, coupled with the reduction of transepidermal water loss and increased hydration, leads itself to a restored microbiotic barrier as well as a physical skin barrier. Zapka et al shows that there is a link between physical skin barrier repair and restoring skin microbiome populations to an undisturbed state, which can result in a positive feedback loop for healthy skin.27 It is clear that increased hand hygiene,
especially during the times of COVID-19, can unintentionally lead to dry and altered skin. Does good hygiene and healthy skin have to be at odds? How can we have reduction of pathogens and a healthy physical and microbiotic skin barrier? Ideally, hygiene includes the actions and practices that reduce the spread or transmission of pathogenic microorganisms and maintain health, rather than complete
PERSONAL CARE NORTH AMERICA sterilization of skin.9 Using this concept of
hygiene, it is reasonable to conclude that an additional replenishment step is needed after hand and skin hygiene. Using these insights, BASF has developed Phytosoothe®
, a bioactive ingredient
composed of Rapeseed phytosterols and cetearyl alcohol to help mitigate the physical and microbiome disruption after exposure to a surfactant. This active is easy to use; it is oil-soluble, can be heated up to 80°C, and is stable over a large pH range (pH 3-11).Phytosoothe can be used in skin, scalp, intimate, and baby care applications. As the fight against the COVID-19
pandemic continues, and a reality approaches where this pandemic and cold and flu season coexist, there is no doubt that frequent hand washing will be an important ritual.28
The best strategy is to
continue good hygienic practices and to ensure that we are restoring our skin barrier, as well as replenishing and rebalancing the bacteria that are present in healthy skin.
PC
References 1 Xiao Y, Torok ME. Taking the right measures to control COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 523-524.
2 World Health Organization. Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management.2020; Geneva, Switzerland.
3 Hillier MD. Using effective hand hygiene practice to prevent and control infection. Nurs Stand. 2020; 35: 45-50.
4 Diez R. Soap & The Virus. Happi. 2020; August 1. 5 Gonry P. The Skin microbiota: all about food. Personal Care Europe. November 2019.
6 Gabard B, Chatelain E, Bieli E, Haas S. Surfactant irritation: in vitro corneosurfametry and in vivo bioengineering. Skin Res Technol. 2001; 7: 49-55.
7 Lee E, Kim S, Cho SA, Shin K. Ethnic differences in objective and subjective skin irritation response. Skin Res Technol. 2014; 20: 265-9.
8 Rocha LA, Ferreira de Almeida E Borges L, Pinto Gontijo Filho P. Changes in hands microbiota associated with skin damage because of hand hygiene procedures on the health care workers. Am J Infect Control. 2009; 37: 155-159.
9 Vandegrift R, Bateman AC, Siemens KN, Nguyen M, Wilson HE, Green JL, et al. Cleanliness in context: reconciling hygiene with a modern microbial perspective. Microbiome. 2017; 5: 76.
10 World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: first global patient safety challenge clean care is safer care. 2009; Geneva, Switzerland.
11 Bojar RA, Holland KT. Review: the human cutaneous microflora and factors controlling colonization. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2002; 18: 889-903.
12 Grice EA. The intersection of microbiome and host at the skin interface: genomic- and metagenomic-based insights. Genome Res 2015; 25: 1514-1520.
13 Marx U, Schlöglmann S, Marchesi P, Brun L, Goyat P. Skin Microbiome and Barrier Protection. Euro Cosmetics. 2019; 11/12: 22- 24.
14 Timm CM, Loomis K, Stone W, Mehoke T, Brensinger B, Pellicore M, et al. Isolation and characterization of diverse microbial representative from the human skin microbiome. Microbiome. 2020; 8:58.
15 Moreau RA, Whitaker BD, Hicks KB. Phytosterols, phytost-anols, and their conjugates in foods: structural diversity, quantitative analysis, and health-promoting uses. Prog. Lipid Res. 2002; 41: 457-500.
16 Fernandes P, Cabral JMS. Phytosterols: Applications and recovery methods. Bioresource Technology. 2007; 98: 2335-2350.
17 Wertz PW. Lipids and barrier function of the skin, Acta Dermatol-Venerologica. 2000; 208: 7-11
18 Gomez MA, Saenz MT, Garcia MD, Fernandez MA. Study of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of Achillea ageratum on chronic and
October 2020
Relative abundance of the genus
Relative abundance of the genus
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