BODY CARE


TABLE 5: AEROSOL SPRAY Phase 1


INCI Butane


2 3 4


6 7 8 9


Tridecane Propane


Aluminium Chlorohydrate


5 Deohap Dry Powder C9-12 Alkane Aqua


Isobutane Parfum


10 11


13 14


Disteardimonium Hectorite 2-methyl 5-cyclohexylpentanol


12 Gossypium Herbaceum Powder Triethyl Citrate


Tocopheryl Acetate


15 Adansonia Digitata Seed Oil 16 Citrus Aurantium 17 Acetyl Cedrene 18


Bergamia Peel Water


Tetramethyl Acetyloctahydronaphthalenes


19 Glycerin


20 Pogostemon Cablin Oil Tocopherol


21 22 Menthol 23 Chamomilla Recutita Flower Extract


24 Tilia Cordata Flower Extract 25 Potassium Sorbate 26 Sodium Benzoate 27 Citric Acid


28 Benzyl Alcohol


w/w (%) 50÷75 10÷25 5÷10 5÷10 1÷5 1÷5 1÷2 1÷5


0÷11 0÷11 0÷11 0÷11 0÷11 <0.1 <0.1


<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1


<0.1 <0.1 <0.1


<0.1 <0.1


<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1


In vivo test Test formulation with the HAP complex (7% a.m.) was evaluated through gravimetric test, for the experimental determination of a product’s ability to reduce the amount of underarm sweat produced.7 The test was performed on 16 healthy female


and male subjects, ages 18 to 65 years. Only those volunteers who produced underarm perspiration levels from normal to high were included in the study. After a 17-day clearance period, during which subjects refrained from applying antiperspirants or deodorants, they applied both test and placebo formulations once daily, four days. Half of the subjects applied the test o/w emulsion under the left armpit and the placebo under the right armpit, and the other half applied the formulations oppositely. In line with consumer habits, subjects applied 300 mg of each formulation (± 10%). Then, 24 hours and 48 hours after the last daily treatment, subjects were placed in a temperature-controlled room (40°C, RH 30-40%) for a 40-minute warm-up period to induce increased perspiration. Following this, pre-weighed absorbent pads


were placed onto both armpits of each subject, leaving them in the controlled room for an additional 20-minute collection period. Sweat was measured by weighing the absorbent pads again, at the end of the collection period. No


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AMMONIA RETENTION CAPACITY COMPARISON HAP complex ■ Zeolite ■ Mg (OH)2 + Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 ■ Talc ■


350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0


0


8 x 10-5 Partial Pressure (atm)


2.5 x 10-5 4 x 10-4


Figure 1: Retention capacity is expressed as a function of adsorbed ammonia amount versus its partial pressure. The HAP complex shows the highest adsorption capacity


TABLE 1: HAP COMPLEX AMMONIA RETENTION CAPACITY OVERCOMES THAT OF THE OTHER SUBSTANCES, WITH INCREASE IN ADSORPTION RATE CORRESPONDING TO HIGHER AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS, WHILE THE OTHER SAMPLES SHOWED A DECREASE


HAP complex PNH3 (atm)


Retention capacity


8 - 10-5 (80 ppm)


8 - 10-4 (250 ppm)


4 - 10-4 (400 ppm) 192 284 315 Initial rate 1.1 1.4 1.4


Retention capacity


151 175 185


volunteer withdrew from the study and no deviations occurred during testing.


Results The graph in Figure 1 illustrates the in vitro retention capacity of the HAP complex vs the other samples (zeolite, a mixture of magnesium hydroxide/magnesium carbonate hydroxide and talc) expressed as adsorbed amount versus ammonia partial pressure. Notably, not only did the HAP complex adsorb more ammonia, it also demonstrated a higher adsorption rate. While the other materials quickly reached


saturation and lost their ability to further adsorb ammonia, the HAP complex still retains its adsorbing capacity, thus it continues to adsorb odours as their concentration rises, unlike the other substances, which become quickly saturated. The comparative test results are summarized in Table 6. The HAP complex’s ability to adsorb


components of artificial sweat was tested also in liquid experimental model (artificial sweat) vs other odour-adsorbing substances, including zeolite and the magnesium hydroxide- carbonate hydroxide blend. The results for lactate adsorption are shown


in Figure 2. The HAP complex demonstrated a higher lactate adsorption capacity than both zeolite and magnesium salts. Similar results were obtained for urea (data


Initial rate 0.2 0.7 0.6 Zeolite


Magnesium hydroxide + magnesium carbonate hydroxyde


Retention capacity


30 41 45 Initial rate 0.7 0.6 0.1


Retention capacity


26 34 36 Talc Initial rate n.d n.d n.d


not shown). Based on the results, an order of adsorbent efficiency can be established, as follows: the HAP complex based on substituted biomimetic hydroxyapatite proved to be the most effective adsorbent for the odour components of sweat, followed by zeolite, the magnesium salts and talc.


In vivo The average amount of sweat collected from test formulation-treated and placebo formulation treated armpits was calculated in terms of grams of sweat at 24 hours and 48 hours after the last daily treatment. The results are summarized in Table 7 and represented in Figure 3. Mean percent variations in sweating


measured in the armpits treated with the test formulation versus the placebo at 24 hours and 48 hours after the last daily treatment are shown in Table 8. 24 hours after the last application, the mean amount of sweat collected from the test formulation-treated armpits was lower by a mean value of 35.5%, compared with the mean amount of sweat collected from the placebo-treated armpits. Statistical analysis performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test demonstrated the sweat control efficacy of the test formulation after 24 hours and according to FDA guidelines.


February 2025 PERSONAL CARE


31


Adsorbed amount (umol g-1)


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