EXERCISE & DIETARY BEHAVIOUR
W
hen people engage in regular exercise, they regulate their fat
intake better and move towards a healthier diet, say researchers at the University of Leeds, UK. Lean people tend to consume a
smaller weight of high-fat foods in their diet, suggesting they have a biological mechanism that recog- nises fat intake, while obese people
eat the same amount of food but select items with more fat. T e researchers found that obese
people initially demonstrate a con- trol of eating based on the weight of food eaten and not the amount of calories contained in that food. However, during a 12-week
supervised exercise programme, the obese individuals demon- strated a progressive reduction in self-selected high-fat food. Exer- cise was therefore seen to have a benefi cial eff ect on dietary behav- iour, helping people reduce their intake of high-risk, bodyweight- increasing foods. Catherine Gibbon, researcher, University of Leeds, UK
SMOKING CESSATION
S
moking cessation and fi tness packages could go hand in hand at spas according to
research which shows that increas- ing short bouts of physical activity can be an eff ective aid to help peo- ple quit smoking. Laboratory studies consistently
show that temporarily abstinent smokers want to smoke less aſt er short bouts of fi ve to 15 minutes of activity such as walking and that
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even seated isometric exercise can help reduce cravings. Recent work also shows that interest or atten- tional bias towards cigarettes – as captured by eye-tracking technol- ogy (while looking at a video and still images) and also from brain scans – is reduced aſt er exercise. Evidence is starting to suggest
that similar eff ects are seen among those who regularly eat chocolate. T is indicates a possible common neurobiological process in which exercise enhances self-regulation of other health behaviours. But, inactivity could turn us to other mood-enhancing stimulants. Professor Adrian Taylor, chair in exercise & health psychology, University of Exeter, UK
HIT TO GET FIT
High-intensity exercise induces the same benefi ts as endurance training
R
esearch shows that high-intensity interval training (HIT) is a time-effi cient way to induce benefi ts asso- ciated with traditional endurance training. Scientists
at McMaster University in Canada have studied the eff ects of training with 30-second bursts of ‘all-out’ cycling separated by a few minutes’ recovery. In one study, young subjects who per- formed four to six sprints, three times a week, showed the same benefi cial changes in their heart, blood vessels and muscles as another group performing up to an hour of continuous cycling, fi ve days a week. T e researchers are now studying whether modifi ed forms of HIT, which might be safer and better toler- ated by older, less fi t individuals, are equally eff ective. Martin Gibala PhD, professor and chair of the Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Canada
spa business handbook 2011 107
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