Terms & Definitions • 388 total ion chromatogram (TIC)


A chromatogram showing the sum of intensities of all mass spectral peaks belonging to the same scan.


• 389 turbulent flow


An LC separation technique using narrow-diameter columns packed with large particles to create higher linear velocities and turbulence. Larger compounds will separate from smaller compounds owing to the ability of smaller compounds to diffuse into stationary phase particle pores.


• 390 Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)


Makes use of support particles that often have diameters less than 2 µm in size. These smaller particles make it possible to obtain more efficient separations but also increase the pressure that is required to apply the mobile phase through a given length of column.


• 391 undersampling


This describes the transfer of portions of fluid exiting the first dimension column to the second separation column at a rate that is too slow to maintain the integrity of the first dimension separation prior to the sampling process. That is, when these transfers are made too infrequently, we say that the first separation is undersampled, which results in remixing of sample constituents that had already been resolved by the first separation column.


• 392 unknown


A biological sample that is the subject of the analysis with the goal to determine analyte(s) concentrations.


• 393 upper limit of quantification (ULOQ)


The highest concentration calibration standard of an analyte that can be quantitatively determined with precision and accuracy, and represents the concentration above which incurred samples must be diluted to achieve a response less than this concentration.


future science group www.future-science.com S87


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