GEO-6 Regional Asssement for West Asia
Figure 1.2.8: Physical and economic water scarcity, 2012
In Yemen, environmental degradation resulting from armed conflict has already affected millions of people, and violence across the country persists. The situation is made worse by refugees from other countries, who combined with internally displaced inhabitants amount to 658 000 people. This pressure on the population is aggravated by a lack of proper access to health care, mostly due to inadequate stocking facilities and resources (FCNL 2014) (More...6).
Global Physical and Economic Surface Water Scarcity
Little or no scarcity Physical water scarcity Approaching water scarcity Economic water scarcity Not estimated
Source: WWAP 2012 IWMI
is also severe, contaminating the natural environment and affecting human health through the release of heavy metals from munitions and the destruction of infrastructure, including hospitals, schools and community centres ( SCPR/ UNRWA/UNDP 2014; UNHCR 2015) (More...4).
In Lebanon, in the last few years, stresses on natural resources have been intensified by the Syrian crisis and the resulting influx of refugees (El-Zein et al. 2012; UNHCR 2015). Lebanon hosts the highest per person concentration of refugees (Figure 1.2.9) in the world, mainly affecting communities which already suffer from marginalisation and neglect, in regions with poor access to resources and health services. The environmental impact of the influx of refugees is greatly intensified by the refusal of governments to acknowledge informal settlements and, subsequently, to provide adequate stabilization solutions (OCHA 2014; UNHCR 2014) (More...5).
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In general, indirect impacts often create a chain of effects which continue long after the end of a conflict. For instance, the region has witnessed considerable displacement of people, leading to numerous environmental stresses to which refugees themselves are the most vulnerable. Furthermore, the forms of governments and types of policies
Destroyed residential area in the city of Homs Syria, September 2013
Source: Shutterstock/ ART production
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