Percentage
Chapter 2: State of the Environment and Policy Response
Figure 2.7.2: West Asia, composition of municipal solid waste, per cent, latest year
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Moisture content, %
Inert solids, % Organic solids, %
Source: Dumble 2015
The West Asia region is undergoing a period of social and political change affecting many of its countries, with conflict and human displacement disrupting the waste management sector. Conflicts cause uncertainty and insecurity, with population groups displaced or mobilised as refugees. Refugees in Lebanon create 889 tonnes of waste per day, or about 15.7 per cent of the country’s total municipal solid waste (Figure 1.2.9). At the start of July 2015 there were an estimated 2.97 million refugees in Lebanon, Jordan, Yemen and Iraq, generating an estimated total of about 1 440 tonnes per day or 0.48 kilograms per refugee per day.
2.7.2 Waste management in the region
The development of governance at a regional level is underway to support integrated waste management across the West Asia region. In 2013 the Secretariat General of the GCC produced guidelines for the management of municipal solid waste for the GCC countries with the aim of establishing
a unified information base of waste quantities in preparation for a unified management and disposal guide. In 2002, they also put forward the Common System for the Management of Hazardous Chemicals, which established minimum legislation for the member states in dealing with hazardous chemicals (Box 2.7.1).
Waste management policy and legal framework
Most West Asian countries have developed waste management policies and issued legislation. Countries including Kuwait, Jordan, Lebanon, OPT, Qatar, Syria, UAE and Yemen have developed national strategies, master plans or frameworks with varying degrees of consistency and effectiveness.
Many existing strategies, master and implementation plans, including for Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria and UAE, represent realistic efforts and are proportionate to the development of integrated waste management systems and
93
Bahrain (2010)
51.7
22.6 25.7
Iraq
(2007) 53.5 24.1 22.4
Jordan (2013)
50.9 18.5 30.6
KSA
(2007) 48.6 19.3 32.1
Kuwait (2012)
49.6 16.2 34.3
Lebanon (2013)
51.2 20.5 28.3
Oman (2010)
44.1 21.4 34.4
OPT
(2013) 52.9 18.4 28.7
Qatar (2009)
49.5 22.5 28.0
Syria (2002)
54.4 17.5 28.1
UAE
(2009) 48.2 18.0 33.8
Yemen (2012)
52.6 21.6 25.8
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