Chapter 2: State of the Environment and Policy Response
Table 2.7.2: West Asia, estimated dry solids in residual municipal solid waste Wood
Organic waste
Total Dry
solids/ tonne
Note: Dumble 2015 2.7.3 Policy responses for waste management
Integrated management of waste provides a significant opportunity for the whole of West Asia; however, different approaches are required across the region. Notably, socio- economic circumstances, conflict and human displacement have a major impact on the waste sector. The development of integrated waste management (IWM) in West Asia needs to be approached in a comprehensive manner, with the engagement of communities and government entities in supporting the initiatives of designated waste management authorities.
Stakeholder engagement and extended producer responsibility
Waste management is a community-driven process sometimes supported by non-governmental organisations but with limited success. An example of active participation of private business in promoting plastics conservation and recycling initiatives – Clean Up the Gulf – was launched in 2013 across six GCC cities (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Riyadh, Rabigh, Al-Jubail, and Kuwait).
Extended producer responsibility (EPR) can be a strong policy principle in waste management measures, supporting supply-chain recycling and the 4Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover) (Hoornweg et al. 2012), and engaging businesses and communities in sustainable best practice providing economic development opportunities from the growing circular economy, promoting the transformation from waste to resource management (Al-Hajj et al. 2012)
and targeting net zero or lower emissions from the sector. However, EPR is not well known in the region and law- makers need to consider appropriate policy and economic measures.
Modernization of waste management data systems
Up-to-date waste management data for the region are poor, making effective waste management and control difficult, and progress in integrated waste management has also been limited by indecision in setting up the necessary infrastructure (Box 2.7.2).
Innovation in financial mechanisms
Cohesive community resources must be used efficiently and sustainably, since waste management funding at the regional level has been difficult for both governments and private- sector providers. Many schemes have failed, including those funded by the UN.
Building the confidence of external funding sources to support public- and private-sector procurement processes is necessary for developing integrated waste management infrastructure and to secure realistic levels of funding. Further market confidence can be improved if governments share liabilities and risks with private-sector partners in a fair and equitable manner, and adopt regulations and standards to remove market barriers that are preventing the reuse and remanufacture of recyclable waste streams (Box 2.7.3).
Paper and cardboard
Rubber 6,159,268 130,372 2,850,922 141,672 Plastic
Textile
Diaper 3,370,104 806,566 207,177
Metal
Glass
Other 1,017,639 1,223,978 1,356,946
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